Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical processes, molecular interactions (such as DNA and protein synthesis), cellular organization, biological evolution, etc. It is an academic field of science that involves the scientific study of life and living organisms. There are many different branches of biology that cover a vast range of concepts. The most well-known concepts are:
Anatomy
Anatomy is the study of how bodily structures are put together in an organism. These structures include bones, muscles, organs, and tissues.
Botany
Botany is the scientific study of plants. Some of the aspects studied in botany are morphology, taxonomy, evolution and ecology of plant life. Plant biologists also focus on topics such as tree identification and tree ranges, plant breeding and other relevant details.
Taxonomy
Taxonomy is the classification of organisms into various ranks. This can be done at a variety of levels, from grouping organisms into families to classifying them according to certain features.
Zoology
Zoology is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals.
Microbiology
Microbiology is the branch of biology that deals with the study of microorganisms, such as bacteria, archaea, and protists. Microbiologists are interested in studying how these organisms live and grow.
Mycology
Mycology is the study of fungi. Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that can be found in most environments around the world, they are most easily identified by their long thread-like structures called mycelia.
Phycology
The term Phycology is used to describe the study of algae. Algae are the most diverse group of eukaryotic organisms on Earth. It is a difficult task to classify all the algae types because they have such a wide range of characteristics.
Parasitology
Parasitology is the study of parasites and their effects on their hosts. Parasites rely on their host for resources and habitat, but at the same time most parasites have an adverse effect on their host’s life cycle.
Virology
A branch of microbiology, virology is the study of viruses. Viruses are found in almost all living organisms. Viruses are also clinically significant as these are disease causing pathogens. Virologists and researchers must understand what they’re looking for as well as how they work.
Physiology
Physiology is the branch of biology which deals with the functioning of living organisms. Physiology examines how different physical stimuli are translated into chemical and then electrical responses in organisms. The tools that are used to study this area include observational research, animal studies, computer modelling, clinical trials, and more
Theoretical Biology
Theoretical biology is the branch of biological research that is concerned with the mathematical modeling, computer simulation, and statistical analysis of biological systems. Theoretical biologists study phenomena such as pattern formation, ecological processes, spatiotemporal evolution, evolutionary game theory and population genetics.
Cell Biology
Cell Biology is the main branch of biology that deals with the structure and function of cells, cell organelles, and more.
Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, inheritance, and variation in living organisms. It’s about how traits are passed from one generation to the next.
Ecology
Ecology is broadly defined as the study of how living things interact with each other and their environment. It includes the study of plants, animals, and ecosystems.
Evolution
Evolution is the process of gradual change in a population of organisms. Evolution can be an adaptation to changing environmental conditions, like becoming resistant to drought or developing limbs for living on land.
Biochemistry
Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes within living organisms. It explains the processes which happen at the molecular level.
Biophysics
Biophysics is the study of the physical interactions of biological macromolecules, mainly proteins. In other words, biophysics applies methods and approaches traditionally used in physics to study biological phenomena.
Molecular Biology
Molecular biology is the study of how cells work at a molecular level. It’s all about DNA, RNA, proteins, RNAs, and other important biomolecules.
Structural Biology
Structural biology is the study of the molecular structure of macromolecules like proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. These macromolecules are important in many biological processes. Structural biology has developed rapidly with technological advances in methods which allow for detailed analysis of these molecules.
Biotechnology
Biotechnology is a branch of biology that exploits biological processes and techniques to produce substances of biological origin, or to modify organisms or their products, or to develop microorganisms for specific uses, or for other industrial purposes.
Plant Physiology
Plant Physiology is the study of how plants function and grow. This subject encompasses all aspects of plant biology, including photosynthesis, respiration, cell structure, biochemistry and genetics. Plant physiologists also investigate how plants respond to their environment including how they grow in certain conditions like limited light or too much light.
Immunology
Immunology is the study of how the immune system protects our body from foreign substances and pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.
Marine Biology
Marine Biology is the study of marine life and marine ecosystems. The field focuses on the study of organisms and other related variables that inhabit the world’s oceans.
Photobiology
Photobiology is the study of the effect that light has on living organisms. Photo Biologists study how different wavelengths of light influence the life processes of plants, animals, and single-celled organisms.
Paleobiology
This interdisciplinary science has helped us understand the evolution of life on Earth by studying how different organisms have changed over time. We can learn about what early life was like by looking at fossils, evidence of bio-activity in the fossil record, and how fossils are preserved.
Radiobiology
Radiobiology is the study of the biological effects of radiation. The word “radiation” here refers to any type of energy that can cause damage to living cells and tissues, such as X-rays, cosmic rays, neutrons, or gamma rays.
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