Alcohol is an organic compound with general formula R-OH where R is any alkyl or aryl substituent. It is a very important functional group in organic chemistry. It is used as a substrate for the synthesis of many industrially important compounds. Ethanol- C2H5OH is extensively used as a solvent for various reactions in the laboratory. Alcohol is produced industrially by the alcohol fermentation process.
Phenol is an organic compound with the formula C6H5OH. In its pure state, it is a white crystalline solid and has the smell of a disinfectant. It causes blisters on skin, and thus should be handled with utmost care.
Ether is an organic compound with the general formula R-O-R. They are a popular laboratory reagent and are extensively used as an organic solvent due to their low boiling point. For example, Diethyl ether (C2H5-O-C2H5), has a boiling point of 34.6oC.
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Definition: Alcohol, Phenol and Ether are important functional groups in organic chemistry, governing many organic reactions. |
Alcohol Phenol Ether Chemistry Questions with Solutions
Q1. Which alcohol is commercially available in shops and edible to consume?
Answer: Ethanol (C2H5OH) is the alcohol which is commercially available in shops and is edible to consume.
Q2. Which alcohol is unfit for consumption?
Answer: Methanol (CH3OH) is unfit for consumption. It is also called wood alcohol. It is highly toxic and could lead to blindness, coma and death.
Q3. Are alcohols polar in nature?
Answer: Yes, alcohols are highly polar in nature.
Q4. What is the correct formula for ethylene glycol alcohol? Mention its uses.
Answer: The correct formula for ethylene glycol is HO-CH2-CH2-OH. It is used in cosmetics, paints and is also used as an anti-freeze agent.
Q5. Explain Esterification.
Answer: Esterification is a reaction in which an alcohol and carboxylic acid combine together to produce ester and water in the presence of an acid catalyst. Esters are derivatives of carboxylic acids and have a pleasant, fruity odor.
Q6. What is the order of reactivity of alcohols during esterification reaction?
Answer: The order of reactivity of alcohols during esterification is 1o > 2o > 3o alcohols.
Q7. Match the following items of column 1 with column 2 and choose the correct answer:
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Column 1 |
Column 2 |
|---|---|
|
1) Isopropyl alcohol |
a) C3H6O |
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2) Vinyl alcohol |
b) C3H7OH |
|
3) Allyl alcohol |
c) C2H4O |
|
4) Propargyl alcohol |
d) C3H4O |
Answer:
|
Column 1 |
Column 2 |
|---|---|
|
1) Isopropyl alcohol |
b) C3H7OH |
|
2) Vinyl alcohol |
c) C2H4O |
|
3) Allyl alcohol |
a) C3H6O |
|
4) Propargyl alcohol |
d) C3H4O |
Q8. Match the following named reactions of column 1 with appropriate functional group in column 2 and choose the correct answer:
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Column 1 |
Column 2 |
|---|---|
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1) Dow Reaction |
a) Alcohol |
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2) Williamson Synthesis |
b) Ether |
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3) Pinacol Pinacolone Rearrangement |
c) Phenol |
Answer:
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Column 1 |
Column 2 |
|---|---|
|
1) Dow Reaction |
c) Phenol |
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2) Williamson Synthesis |
b) Ether |
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3) Pinacol Pinacolone Rearrangement |
a) Alcohol |
Q9. What is the common name of 2,4,6 trinitro phenol?
Answer: Picric acid is the common name of 2,4,6 trinitro phenol.
Q10. Why are ethers more volatile than alcohol?
Answer: Ethers are more volatile than alcohol because ethers do not have intermolecular hydrogen bonding whereas alcohols are involved in intermolecular H-bonding. Thus, more energy is required to break the H-bonding in alcohols which leads to increase in their boiling point, making them less volatile.
Q11. Why do ethers make good solvents?
Answer: Ethers are good solvents because they are resistant to attack of nucleophiles and bases.
Q12. What is Claisen Rearrangement?
Answer: Claisen rearrangement is a [3,3] sigmatropic reaction where allyl vinyl ether is converted to an unsaturated carbonyl compound in the presence of heat (200oC – 250oC) or in the presence of a lewis acid.
Q13. Among the following, the compound with functional group -O- is
a) Acetone
b) Methyl alcohol
c) Acetic acid
d) Ethyl methyl ether
Answer: (d)
Ethyl methyl ether (C2H5 – O – CH3) is a compound with functional group -O-
Q14. Oxidation of alcohol to aldehyde can be done by
a) Treatment with LiAlH4
b) Treatment with NaBH4
c) Treatment with LiBH4
d) Treatment with PCC
Answer: (d)
Pyridinium Chlorochromate (PCCC) oxidizes alcohol to aldehyde.
Q15. What is the IUPAC name of m-cresol?
(a) Benzene-1,3-diol
(b) 3-methylphenol
(c) 3-chlorophenol
(d) 3-methoxyphenol
Answer: (b).
Practice Questions on Alcohol Phenol Ether
Q1.Among the following, which compound has 2 -OH groups
a) Phenol
b) o-Cresol
c) Picric acid
d) Resorcinol
Q2.Ethylene on reaction with Baeyer’s reagent gives
a) Ethyl alcohol
b) Ethane
c) Ethyl methyl ether
d) Ethylene glycol
Q3.Oxidation of secondary alcohols gives
a) Ketone
b) Aldehyde
c) Carboxylic acid
d) Ester
Q4. LiAlH4 reduces primary alcohols to
a) Aldehyde
b) Ketone
c) No reaction
d) Ether
Q5.Why is ethanol miscible with water?
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