A calorimeter is a device used to measure the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes, as well as heat capacity. Among the most common types are differential scanning calorimeters, isothermal micro calorimeters, titration calorimeters, and accelerated rate calorimeters. A simple calorimeter is simply a thermometer attached to a metal container filled with water that is suspended above a combustion chamber. It is a measurement device that is used in the study of thermodynamics, chemistry, and biochemistry.
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Definition: The calorimeter used to determine the energy change during a reaction accurately is known as a bomb calorimeter. The modern Bomb calorimeter is a development of the original calorimeter of Berthelot. The modern bomb calorimeter is made of corrosion resisting steel in the combination Bomb Calorimeter. The bomb calorimeter is an instrument used to measure the heat of a reaction at a fixed volume and the measured heat is called the change of internal energy (ΔE). In chemistry, the changes of the heat of a reaction can be measured at fixed pressure or volume. |
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Bomb Calorimeter Chemistry Questions with Solutions
Q1. The heat measured in a bomb calorimeter for a reaction is:
a.) ΔG
b.) ΔH
c.) ΔU
d.) PΔV
Correct Answer- (c.) ΔU
Explanation- A bomb calorimeter is a constant-volume calorimeter used to calculate the heat of combustion of a specific reaction.
Q2. A bomb calorimeter is used to calculate the heat of reaction at a constant ____.
a.) Volume
b.) Pressure
c.) Temperature
d.) None of the above
Correct Answer- (a.) Volume
Explanation- A bomb calorimeter measures a reaction’s change in internal energy, ΔU. This is equal to qV, the heat of reaction, at constant volume.
Q3. The work done in a bomb calorimeter during the combustion of one mole of CH4 is:
a.) 490 kJ/mol
b.) 880 kJ/mol
c.) 550 kJ/mol
d.) 660kJ/mol
Correct Answer- (b.) 880 kJ/mol
Q4. What is the most commonly used standard for calibrating bomb calorimeters in teaching laboratories?
a.) Benzoic acid
b.) Acetic acid
c.) Phenol
d.) Picric acid
Correct Answer– (a.) Benzoic acid
Q5. In a bomb calorimeter, CH4 is burned and then cooled to 27 degrees Celsius.
a.) ΔU = –ve, PΔV = –ve
b.) ΔU = –ve, ΔPV = –ve
c.) ΔU = –ve, PΔV = 0
d.) Both (b) and (c) are correct
Correct Answer- (a.) ΔU = –ve, PΔV = –ve
Q6. At 25℃, the heat of combustion of ethanol measured in a bomb calorimeter is 670.48 KCal mol–1. Calculate the reaction’s ΔH at 25℃.
Answer. C2H5OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O
ΔH = ΔU + ΔnRT
Since, Δn = 2 – 3 = 1
= –670.48 + ( –1) × 2 × 298 Cal
= –670.48 – 0.596 KCal
= –671.08 KCal
Q7. What is the purpose of the bomb calorimeter?
Answer. The Bomb Calorimeter was used to calculate the cross calorific value of the solid and liquid samples. A constant-volume calorimeter measures the heat of a specific reaction or the calorific value of fuels.
Q8. What is the fundamental principle of a bomb calorimeter?
Answer. The bomb calorimeter’s basic principle is to measure heat at a constant volume. Since the reaction is a combustion reaction, the heat measured by this apparatus is heat of combustion.
Q9. In which instance would a bomb calorimeter be more useful than a coffee-cup calorimeter?
Answer. Since bomb calorimeters can operate at high pressures, they are especially useful when dealing with gases. When water begins to boil and produces vapour, coffee-cup calorimeters are useless.
Q10. When 1.0 g of fructose, C6H12O6(s), a sugar commonly found in fruits, is burned in oxygen in a bomb calorimeter, the temperature of the calorimeter increases by 1.58 °C. If the heat capacity of the calorimeter and its contents is 9.90 kJ/°C, what is the enthalpy for this combustion?
Answer. Heat released by the combustion = Cp × ΔT = 9.90 kJ/°C × 1.58 °C = 15.642 kJ.
Hence, ΔH = –15.6 kJ/g
Molar mass of fructose = 180 g.
Hence, ΔHcombustion = –15.6 × 180 kJ/mol = -2808 kJ/mol
Q11. A 0.88 g gummy bear is burned in a bomb calorimeter. The temperature started at 21.5 °C and leveled off at 24.2 °C. The manufacturer of the bomb calorimeter determined the heat capacity of the calorimeter to be 11.4 kJ/°C. Calculate the heat of combustion per gram of gummy bear.
Answer. ΔE = CVΔT = (11.4 kJ/°C)(24.2-21.5 °C) = (11.4 kJ/°C)(2.7 °C) = 30.78 kJ
(30.78 kJ)/(0.88 g) = 34.98 kJ/g
Q12. When a 100 g sample of methane, CH4, is burned in a bomb calorimeter, the temperature changes from 21 °C to 31 °C and 2200 J of heat is given off. What is the specific heat of methane?
Answer.
ΔE = CVΔT = CV = ΔE/ΔT = (2200 J)/(10 °C) = 220 J/°C
Specific heat = CV/g = (220 J/°C)/(100 g) = 2.20 J/g – °C
Q13. A sample of 0.562 g of carbon is burned in oxygen in a bomb calorimeter, producing carbon dioxide. Assume both the reactants and products are under standard state conditions and that the heat released is directly proportional to the enthalpy of the combustion of graphite. The temperature of the calorimeter increases from 26.74 °C to 27.93 °C. What is the heat capacity of the calorimeter and its contents?
Answer.
The amount of heat transferred can be calculated by using the formula, q = mcΔT (eq. i)
where,
q is the amount of heat transferred,
c is the specific heat,
ΔT is the change in temperature,
m is the mass of the substance.
As in the case of a bomb calorimeter, mass is assumed to be constant, so the equation for the calorimeter mentioned becomes
q = cΔT (eq ii)
The standard molar enthalpy of combustion for carbon is -393.5 kJ/mol.
The molecular mass of carbon is 12 grams per mole.
As a result, the number of moles of carbon equivalent to 0.562 grams of carbon can be calculated as follows:
Number of moles of carbon = mass / molecular mas
= 0.562 grams / 12 gram per mole
= 0.047 mol
The heat generated by burning 0.562 grams or 0.047 mole will be,
q = ΔH° × number of moles
= (-393.51 kJ/mol) × 0.047 mol
= -18.49 kJ, the negative sign shows that the heat is produced.
To calculate the heat capacity of a calorimeter, put q = -18.49 kJ and T = (27.93 °C – 26.74 °C) in the equation (ii)
18.49 kJ = c × (27.93 – 26.74)
c = 18.49 kJ/1.19 °C
c = 15.54 kJ/°C
Q14. A 0.500 g sample of naphthalene (C10H8) is burned in a bomb calorimeter containing 650
grams of water at an initial temperature of 20.00ºC. After the reaction, the final
temperature of the water is 26.4ºC. The heat capacity of the calorimeter is 420 J/ºC.
Using these data, calculate the heat of combustion of naphthalene in kJ/mol.
Answer. Specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 J/g℃
Calculation of the heat absorbed by water-
qwater =mcΔt
m = 650g
C = 4.184 J/g℃
Δt = t2 – t1 (26.4 – 20) = 6.4 ℃
qwater = 650 g × 4.184 J/g℃ × 6.4 ℃
qwater = 17405.44 J
Calculation of the heat absorbed by calorimeter-
qcalorimeter = Heat capacity of calorimeter × rise in temperature
qcalorimeter = C × Δt
qcalorimeter = 420 J/ºC × 6.4℃ = 2688 J
Total heat released during combustion = 17405.44 J + 2688 J = 20.093 kJ
0.5 g of C10H8 releases 20.093 kJ.
Therefore, for 1 mole (130.11g/mol) the amount of heat energy released is- (20.093 kJ × 130.11 g/mol)/0.5 g = 5224.18 kJ/mol
Hence, the heat of combustion of C10H8 = 5224.15 kJ/mol
Q15. The combustion of liquid hexane has a change in internal energy for the reaction ΔErxn of -3.80 × 103 kJ/mol C6H14. When .50 g of C6H14 reacts in a bomb calorimeter, the temperature rises from 21.9 ℃ to 43.9 ℃. Calculate the heat capacity of the bomb calorimeter in kJ/℃.
Answer. qcal = Ccal ΔT, qcal = -qrxn, qrxn = ΔErxn
Ccal = – ΔErxn/ ΔT
ΔErxn = 2.50 g C6H14 × (1 mol C6H14 /86.172 g C6H14) × (-3.80 × 103 kJ/ 1mol C6H14)
ΔErxn = –110kJ
Ccal = – ( – 110kJ) / (43.9 – 21.9)℃ = 5.01 kJ/℃
Practise Questions on Bomb Calorimeter
Q1. Which property of the system under investigation is most likely to remain constant when a bomb calorimeter is used to determine the heat of reaction?
a.) The number of molecules
b.) Pressure
c.) Temperature
d.) Volume
Q2. The heat liberated when 1.89 g of benzoic acid is burnt in a bomb calorimeter at 25 ℃ increases the temperature of 18.4 kg of water by 0.632 ℃. If the specific heat of water at 25 ℃ is 0.998 cal/g-deg, the value of the heat combustion of benzoic acid is-
a.) 771.1 kcal
b.) 871.2 kcal
c.) 881.1 kcal
d.) 981.1 kcal
Q3. A bomb calorimeter with a calorimeter constant of 1.23 kJ/℃ contains 0.600 kg of water. How much heat is released when 6.00 grams of sucrose is burned? The temperature of the calorimeter and its contents increase from 23℃ to 50℃.
Q4. X g of ethanal was subjected to combustion in a bomb calorimeter and the heat produced is Y J. Then, find the value of ΔUcombustion.
Q5. For gas, A in a calorimeter, heat evolved is 250 kJ.mol–1. For 0.2 mol of A, the temperature rise from 298K to 300K. Find out the capacity of the calorimeter.
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