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Question

Is CCl4 Polar Or Nonpolar?


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Solution

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is an organic compound that can be formed by the halogenation reaction between methane and chlorine in the presence of sunlight.

  • In this compound, the chlorine is arranged in a tetrahedron from around the carbon atom, giving a symmetric arrangement.
  • There is a partial charge separation in covalent bonds due to electronegativity difference which causes the polarity of a bond.
  • Chlorine has a high electronegativity which makes the carbon atom slightly electropositive.
  • This electronegativity difference between carbon and chlorine makes their bond polar.
  • But the bond polarity alone cannot determine the nature of the whole complex.
  • Due to the four equidistant bonds in this compound being arranged symmetrically, the dipole moment is directed towards the more electronegative chlorine atoms.
  • The vector is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, Therefore, the dipole moment of one bond cancels the other bond placed opposite to it.
  • So, compounds have a net-zero dipole moment
  • .

Hence, Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) has non-polar covalent bonds between carbon and chlorine.


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