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Question

What is the dipole-dipole force?


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Solution

Dipole-dipole force:

  • The force of attraction acting between the polar molecules is known as dipole dipole force.
  • The main reason behind the dipole-dipole interaction is the permanent dipole moment in the polar molecules.
  • So, the negative pole of one molecule is attracted by the negative pole of other molecule.T
  • Example: The negative pole of hydrogen chloride which contain chlorine atom attracts the positive pole having hydrogen atom of another molecule.
  • The dipole-dipole interaction of Hydrochloric acid is shown below:

Factor affecting Dipole-dipole force:

Polarity: The higher the polarity of a bond, stronger will be the dipole-dipole interaction.

Oreintation: The dipole-dipole interaction depends on the orientation. For example, gas-phase molecules are freely rotating so there is a weak interaction between the molecules whereas solid-phase molecules have uniformly arranged so the interaction between the molecules is strong.

Distance between the polar molecules: In stationary polar molecule, dipole-dipole interaction energy is inversely proportional to its r3, while a rotating polar molecule is inversly proportional to its r6, where r indicates the distance between the polar molecules.


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