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Question

Which alkyl halide is more reactive?


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Solution

  1. An alkyl halide, the hydrogen atom is bonded to an alkyl group (R).
  2. Halogen atoms are more electronegative than carbon hence the carbon-halogen bond of is polarised.
  3. The carbon atom has the partial positive charge whereas the halogen atom having a partial negative charge.
  4. There is increase in size of halogen atom as we go down the group in the periodic table.
  5. Also the carbon-halogen bond length increases from C-FtoC-I.
  6. The reactivity of alkyl halide depends on the substitution reaction.
  7. In SN1 reactions, step 1 involves the cleavage of carbon-halogen bond which forms the carbocation.
  8. Greater the stability of carbocation, greater will be its ease of formation from alkyl halide and faster will be the rate of reaction.
  9. Hence, in this type of reaction tertiary halides undergo faster reaction.
  10. On the other hand, in SN2 reactions, tertiary halides are the least reactive because bulky groups hinder the approaching nucleophiles.
  11. And thus primary halides are the most reactive in this reaction.

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