Madhya Pradesh Board Question Paper for Class 10th Social Science 2017 In PDF

MP Board (MPBSE) Question Paper 2017 Class 10th Social Science For English Medium with Solutions – Free Download

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MP‌ ‌Board‌ ‌Class‌ ‌10‌ ‌Social‌ ‌Science‌ ‌Question‌ ‌Paper‌ ‌2017‌ ‌with‌ ‌Answers‌ ‌–‌ ‌Free‌ ‌Download‌

MP‌ ‌Board‌ ‌Class‌ ‌10‌ ‌Social‌ ‌Science‌ ‌Question‌ ‌Paper‌ ‌With‌ ‌Solution‌ ‌2017‌

1. Choose the correct option:

(i) Which soil is generally found in the delta region of Andhra Pradesh and Orissa and the plains of Ganges:

(a) Red soil

(b) Alluvial soil

(c) Black soil

(d) Laterite soil.

Answer: (b) Alluvial Soil

(ii) In which of the following industries, air pollution is maximum:

(a) Match sticks industry

(b) Paper industry

(c) Chemical industry

(d) Furniture industry.

Answer: (c) Chemical Industry

(iii) The port to reduce pressure on Bombay Port is:

(a) Paradweep

(b) Haldia

(c) Nhava Sheva

(d) Kandla.

Answer: (c) Nhava Sheva

(iv) Name the place where the first Summit Conference was organised at the international level:

For better understanding, the Right Question would be:

Name the place where the first Earth Summit Conference was organised at the international level:

(a) Japan (Yokohama)

(b) India (Bengaluru)

(c) Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)

(d) U.S.A. (New York).

Answer: (c) Brazil (Rio de Janeiro)

(v) Who among the following was not a moderate thinker:

(a) Dada Bhai Navroji

(b) Arvind Ghosh

(c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

(d) Firoz Shah Mehta.

Answer: (b) Arvind Ghosh

2. Fill in the blanks:

(i) ……… have an important place in Joint Forest Management System.

(ii) The reactionary policy of Viceroy……… was full of racist thinking.

(iii) The right of equality is one of the………. described in the constitution.

(iv) The smallest unit of the local administration is……….

(v) The slogan of Jai Hind was given by……….

Answer i: Forest Protection Committees have an important place in Joint Forest Management System.

Answer ii: The reactionary policy of Viceroy Lord Lytton was full of racist thinking.

Answer iii: The right of equality is one of the Fundamental right described in the Constitution

Answer iv: The smallest unit of the local administration is Gram Panchayat.

Answer v: The slogan of Jai Hind was given by Subhash Chandra Bose.

3. Answer the following in one sentence:

(i) Which article has given a special status to the state of Jammu-Kashmir?

(ii) By which amendment the provision of fundamental duties have been added in the constitution?

(iii) What is the minimum age for the parliament membership?

(iv) What percentage of the total world’s population resides in India?

(v) When was Indian planning commission formed?

Answer i: Article 370 of the Constitution has given a special status to Jammu Kashmir.

Answer ii: By the 42nd Amendment of Constitution in 1976 the provision of fundamental duties was added in the Constitution.

Answer iii: The minimum age for Parliament membership in 25 years.

Answer iv: 17.5% of the world’s population resides in India.

Answer v: Indian Planning Commission was formed on 15 March 1950 .

4. Match the following:

Answer:

5. State True or False:

(i) Economics development is a continuous process.

(ii) Agriculture comes under the primary sector.

(iii) Every person is not a consumer.

(iv) Hallmark symbol is given to the industry and consumer items.

(v) Central planning is essential in socialism.

Answer i: True

Answer ii: True

Answer iii: False

Answer iv: False

Answer v: True.

6. What are the sources of underground water?

OR

What is pink revolution?

Answer: The sources of underground water are Wells, Tubewells, Bores, etc.

Answer: The term Pink Revolution is used to denote the revolution in the technologies used in the poultry and meat processing sector and to increase the production of Onion in the country. Durgesh Patel is known as the Father of the Pink Revolution.

7. What was subsidiary alliance? Who introduced it?

OR

What is Boycott? Explain.

Answer: Subsidiary Alliance was basically a treaty between the British East India Company and the Indian princely states, by virtue of which the Indian kingdoms lost their sovereignty to the English. Lord Wellesely introduced this.

Answer: A boycott is an act of voluntary and intentional abstention from using, buying, or dealing with a person, organization, or country as an expression of protest, usually for moral, social, political, or environmental reasons. Sometimes, a boycott can be a form of consumer activism, sometimes called moral purchasing.

8. During which period of time is national income calculated?

OR

Which type of work is provided for giving employment under the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act?

Answer: National Income is calculated during the period of financial year from 1st April to 31st March. It is obtained by adding the monetary values of the commodities and services produced in this period in a country.

Answer: The Government of India introduced the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act in 2005 which was later renamed to Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. This Act is a social security scheme that aims to provide livelihood, sustenance and employment to the rural communities and labourers in India.

9. What is Infrastructure?

OR

What is the service sector?

Answer: Infrastructure refers to all those facilities and institutions that enhance the quality of human capital. Educational institutions, hospitals, nursing homes, housing facilities etc. are some of the examples of social infrastructures. The availability of such infrastructures raises the human productivity, thereby, improves the quality of standard of living.

Answer: The service sector is also called the tertiary sector. These are those activities which provide service to the primary and secondary activities. These services increase efficiency of the workers of the primary and secondary sectors. Education, banking, insurance etc are some examples of service sectors.

10. What is meant by consumer exploitation?

OR

What is black marketing?

Answer: Consumer Exploitation is a condition in which a buyer is deceived or provided incorrect information by the producers. There are a number of ways, followed by the sellers to exploit consumers, for instance, adulteration, it is a way through which the seller mixes useless elements in the commodities that result in the heavy weight of the commodity. Besides this, some other measures such as under measurement, black marketing and substandard quality, are also adopted by the sellers.

Answer: Black marketing is the illegal trade of goods and services with the intention to evade the lawful requirements of such trade. Two such common tactics used are to increase the price beyond the controlled price or lower the price below the normal to evade taxation issues.

11. What is the importance of soil in human life? Explain.

OR

Conservation of forests is necessary. Why?

Answer: Soil is very important for human life, especially for farmers. Human life depends on soil. All living organisms get their food directly or indirectly from soil. We get cotton, silk, jute and wool for making clothes from soil, either directly or indirectly, e.g, sheep eat grass and give us wool, silk worms survive on vegetation grown in soil. Our industries like animal rearing, agriculture and forest based industries all depend on soil. So, soil is the basis of our life.

Answer: Forests provide us with a variety of resources such as wood, timber, fibre and other raw materials for domestic as well as commercial purposes. They absorb the harmful carbon dioxide gas and maintain the earth’s temperature. They also hold the soil firmly and prevent erosion of soil. This is why it is beneficial to conserve forests.

12. Write the main provisions of horticultural development programme.

OR

What is the importance of minerals?

Answer: The main provisions of Horticulture Development Programme are:

• To increase the production of quality plants and fulfil its demand.
• To increase the production and productivity of horticultural crops.
• For soil and leave testing, facilities of green house, nurseries, etc. has to be increased.
• Production of horticultural plants has to be increased for export.
• To enhance the basic amenities for marketing and export.

Answer: Minerals are substances, that helps in forming rocks. It helps in the formation of soil, on which we walk and live by building houses, and the plants that grow helps in the production of food that is consumed by us both directly and indirectly. Minerals are consumed by us for nutrition reasons because its deficiency can cause certain disorders.

13. Why is the struggle of 1857 called the first struggle of freedom?

OR

Why were the Indian rulers angry with the British rule?

Answer: The revolution of 1857 was the first armed revolution that was so widespread and powerful that it shook the foundation of the British Empire. Before there were revolts in Barrackpore, Vellore and Bundelkhand which were suppressed by the Britishers. But these revolts motivated the freedom fighters. Veer Sawarkar, Ashok Mehta and other Indian historians have named the revolt of 1857 as the ‘First struggle for Freedom’. The cause of this revolt was neither the use of fat coated cartridges nor the personal interest of some Indian rulers but the feeling of discontent among the Indians which aroused due to 100 years of British rule. In this revolt people of all the religions and sections participated. Therefore, it is called the first struggle of freedom.

Answer: The Indian rulers were angry with British rule because they were loosing their power in their region.

• Various reasons that irritated Indian rulers like first started with conquering the land, and after defeating respected rulers, they imposed a heavy tax.
• There were various reasons that agitated Indian rulers first started with capturing land, and after defeating rulers, they imposed with a heavy tax.
• After their sufficient footprint in India, they imposed the doctrine of lapse, which further angered more that led to a revolt of 1857.
• Furthermore, Indian rulers were forced to sign agreements for avoiding war with them, and they felt like a puppet in front of Britishers.

14. What was the role of western thinking and education in the development of national

consciousness?

OR

How were the cottage industries affected by British policy of economic exploitation?

Answer: Lord Macaulay introduced western education in India with the intension of uprooting nationalistic feeling from the Indian hearts. His intention in spreading western education was to develop such a class of people who would work in the favour of British Government. But on the contrary, the spread of English education inspired Indians to free themselves from the clutches of foreign rule with the knowledge of English language; Indians became familiar with western culture, literature, thinking and administration.

Answer: A decline of the cottage industry of India.

• The Colonial government’s economic policies were very much concerned with the protection and promotion of Britain’s economy.
• India has always been a part of the cottage industry.
• As soon as the Industrial Revolution began in Britain, the people of Britain required raw material to run the factories.
• Britain took the raw material from its colonies at a low price and then sold machine manufactured goods in India at cheap rates.
• People prefer buying British manufactured goods on Indian goods.

15. What are the effects of pollution on human life?

OR

Explain the contribution of industries in the national economy.

Answer: The effects of pollution on human life are:

• Pollution adversely affects the natural constituents like air, water, land, etc. which affects the health of human beings.
• Air pollution causes difficulty in breathing and develops diseases like asthma, lung cancer, etc.
• Water pollution contaminates the quality of water and affects the health. Diseases like cholera, jaundice, etc. are caused due to dirty water.
• Noise pollution causes difficulty in hearing. It affects the hearing power and the person is mentally disturbed.
• Soil pollution causes soil erosion due to which the vegetation covering gets destroyed and landslides occur.
• Radioactive pollution causes genetic disorders and develops diseases like skin cancer, dermal diseases, etc.

Answer: Contribution of industries to a national economy by,

a)Industries provide for the production and goods and provision of services. It has brought about substantial increase in GDP of any country.

b)Industries generate employment for the vast majority which help in improving living standard and poverty eradication.

c)Industrial sector adds to the country’s growth and provides a wide variety of choices for consumers.

d)It ensures export of manufactured goods thereby adding to the country’s foreign exchange.

e) It improves the country’s infrastructure and contributes to the overall development.

16. The distribution of rail routes in India is unequal”. Explain.

OR

Explain the measures adopted to promote exports in India.

Answer: Indian railway service was started in 1853. The first railway line was from Mumbai to Thane. Indian Railways is the longest railway network in the world. It provides employment to more than 15 lakh people. Indian railway services are divided into 16 zones. These 16 zones include different parts of the country. The distribution of rail routes in India is unequal because it is classified into different fragments. Railway is the main & biggest means of transport in India. Everyday crores of people travel by trains. Thus, railway services are playing the main role in means of transportation in the country.

Answer: The measures adopted to promote exports in India are:

(1) Setting up of different organisations: Government of India has set up Foreign Trade Institute, Export Import Advisory Council, State Trading Corporation, Export Promotion Council, Cotton Textile Corporation, Jute Corporation, Import Export Bank for searching markets to import, for publicizing domestic goods in foreign countries and for providing facilities to exporters.

(2) Trade Development Institute: To ensure coordination between different institutions engaged in export promotion and to provide necessary services to them, a Trade Development Organisation has been set up.

(3) Establishment of State Trading Corporation: The aim of establishing this corporation in the year 1956 was to export a variety of things, expand the existing markets, provide necessary facilities to exporters and to arrange distribution of imported goods.

(4) Establishment of export houses: It was set up to provide financial assistance for export promotion to recognised organisations from the marketing development fund. There are seven export resource centres-Kandla (Gujarat), Santacruz (Maharashtra), Kochi (Kerala), Chennai (Tamil Nadu), Noida (Uttar Pradesh), Phalta (West Bengal), Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh). Custom clearance facilities are also available here.

17. State the effects of flood. (any four)

OR

What is meant by disaster management? Explain main elements of disaster management.

Answer: The amount of rainfall received by an area varies from one place to another depending on the location of the place. In some places it rains almost throughout the year whereas in other places it might rain for only a few days. India records most of its rainfall in the monsoon season. Rains are a big relief after the hot and sunny days of summers. The growth of crops is also dependent on the arrival of monsoons. However, excess rainfall is disadvantageous in many ways. Heavy rains lead to rise in the water level of rivers, seas and oceans. Water gets accumulated in the coastal areas which results in floods. These floods cause extensive damage to crops, domestic animals, property and human life. During floods, many animals get carried away by the force of water and eventually die.

Answer: Disaster management means all those actions and activities that are carried out before, after and during the period of disaster. It is something more than the expansion and contraction mode. Under this system, it is believed that the disaster management is efforts to prevent the disaster, to minimize its ill effects, timely action and efforts to bring the situation to normalcy.

Following are the main stages of disaster management:

• Advanced preparation: – Actions are taken in advance to face the disaster, such as, mock drills are organized, awareness is made among the people, etc.
• Action at the time of disaster:- Rescue operations are carried out, habitation is provided to victims, food and drinking facilities are made available.
• To restore normalcy:- Buildings are constructed houses are provided to affected people, help is provided to the families.
• Plan for preventing the recurrence of the disaster:- Dangerous areas are sealed, warning systems are made, education and awareness is provided.

18. Write the importance of revolutionary movements in the history of Indian independence.

OR

Write in brief the Jhanda Satyagraha.

Answer: Many Nationalists thought that India could not attain independence just through non-violence. Hence they chose a different path to bring an end to the British rule in India. To carry forward the struggle, Hindustan Socialistic Republic Army (HSRA) was founded at a meeting held at Ferozeshah Kotla ground in Delhi. Some of its most well known leaders were Bhagat Singh, Ajoy Ghosh, Jatin Das. HSRA took up the responsibility of attacking various symbols of British power in different parts of India. One of the most well known incidents is the attack on the Legislative Assembly carried out by Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutta in April 1929. The attack was carried out using a bomb. There was also an attempt to attack Lord Irwin. Bhagat Singh was executed by the British, during his trial he famously said he did not wish to glorify the cult of bomb and pistol. Bhagat Singh stated he wanted to bring revolution in society.

Answer: The National Flag of a country is the symbol of sovereignty, unity and a sense of pride for the country. During the national movement, tricolor with spinning wheel (Charkha) in the centre, was having the status of National Flag. In 1930, an incident with regard to its honour occurred and the whole nation stood for it. This is the Golden incidence in the history of freedom struggle and is known as “Jhanda Satyagraha”. The Congress committee constituted a commission to assess the extent of mental preparedness of the people in the favour of Non-cooperation movement under the leadership of Hakim Ajmal Khan. The Jabalpur Congress Committee decided to honour Mr. Khan and hoist tricolor on the building of Jabalpur Municipality. British Govt. took this act of honouring Mr. Khan as an insult of the British rule and ordered the police to not only remove the flag but insult it by crushing it under feet. The whole nation became agitated and angry by this harsh action of the Britishers. This is called the “Jhanda Satyagraha”.

19. Write, why government of India asked Pakistan to stop/block the entry of Kabailies.

OR

What is the Tashkent agreement ? What were the conditions laid down for the Tashkent agreement?

Answer: Soon after independence, on October 22nd 1947, there was an attack on Kashmir by Kabailies. They were joined by Pakistanis as well. The reason behind this attack was, Pakistan wanted to merge Kashmir with Pakistan. Then Maharaja of Kashmir, Hari Singh approached India for help. The Government of India approached the United Nations Security Council and lodged a complaint against the attack. Indian Government also asked the Pakistan Government to block the entry of Kabailies.

Answer: Even after the ceasefire between India and Pakistan, the disturbances in the border areas did not stop. To end this situation Soviet Union took special interest and invited both the parties to Tashkent for talks. On 4th January 1966 talks started between the President of Pakistan Ayub Khan and the Prime Minister of India Lal Bahadur Shastri. Ultimately on 19th January 1966 the historical Tashkent Agreement was signed by both the countries.

Main conditions of the agreement were-

• Both the countries agreed to build harmonious relations like good neighbours.
• Both the parties agreed to call back their armies and restore the positions as it was before 5th August 1965. Both parties will abide by the conditions of cease fire.
• Both the parties agreed to abstain from interfering in the internal matters of each other, discourage publicity against each other and restore diplomatic relations.
• Besides, it was also agreed that relations between both the countries in the field of economic a cultural and social sectors shall be made cordial.
• Both India and Pakistan agreed that they will work on preventing the exodus of people, and work on returning back the properties occupied by both parties in the war.
• Both countries decided to follow the Vienna Convention of 1961 and restore normal diplomatic ties, the High Commissioners of both the nations will return to facilitate functioning of diplomatic ties.

20. Describe the federal and parliamentary form of government.

OR

Describe the fundamental rights of citizens of India. (Write any four)

Answer: Federal form of Government – As per the first schedule of constitution, India is a federation of states. Thus, a federal form of Government has been set up in India. The powers of Government are not centralized at one place and are divided between the centre and states and both have independence in their respective jurisdictions. The Supreme Court is the protector of the Constitution. The Constitution is supreme. The judiciary is independent and impartial and has the right to examine the provision of the Constitution.

Parliamentary form of Government – Indian constitution has accepted the parliamentary form of

Government. The President is the titular head and the actual government is run by the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers. The powers of executive vest in the Council of Ministers, and they follow the principle of combined responsibility. In case a vote of no confidence is passed in Parliament, the Council of Ministers has to resign.

Answer: Fundamental rights are the basic human rights enshrined in the Constitution of India which are guaranteed to all citizens. They are applied without discrimination on the basis of race, religion, gender, etc. Significantly, fundamental rights are enforceable by the courts, subject to certain conditions.

The fundamental rights of citizens of India are:

1. Right to Equality (Articles 14 – 18)

Right to equality guarantees equal rights for everyone, irrespective of religion, gender, caste, race or place of birth. It ensures equal employment opportunities in the government and insures against discrimination by the State in matters of employment on the basis of caste, religion, etc. This right also includes the abolition of titles as well as untouchability.

2. Right to Freedom (Articles 19 – 22)

Freedom is one of the most important ideals cherished by any democratic society. The Indian Constitution guarantees freedom to citizens. The freedom right includes many rights such as:

• Freedom of speech
• Freedom of expression
• Freedom of assembly without arms
• Freedom of association
• Freedom to practise any profession
• Freedom to reside in any part of the country

3. Right against Exploitation (Articles 23 – 24)

This right implies the prohibition of traffic in human beings, begar, and other forms of forced labour. It also implies the prohibition of children in factories, etc. The Constitution prohibits the employment of children under 14 years in hazardous conditions.

4. Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25 – 28)

This indicates the secular nature of Indian polity. There is equal respect given to all religions. There is freedom of conscience, profession, practice and propagation of religion. The State has no official religion. Every person has the right to freely practice his or her faith, establish and maintain religious and charitable institutions.

21. What do you mean by mixed economy? State the demerits of mixed economy. (any three)

OR

Write the main four factors which promote globalization.

Answer: Mixed systems have characteristics of both the command and market economic systems. For this purpose, the mixed economic systems are also called as dual economic systems. However, there is no sincere method to determine a mixed system. Sometimes, the word represents a market system beneath the strict administrative control in certain sections of the economy.

The demerits of mixed economy are:

1. It brings about the fear of nationalization – As the private and public sectors coexists, the government would have the ability to own and nationalize any industry. This means that private entities will have to stay on the psychological apprehension that their business would be nationalized or taken over by the government.

2. It could risk the government to go too far – In a mixed economy, determining the exact role of the government in the private sector would sometimes become a guessing game that would result to unfair practices in both sides. It is believed that the government would manage the economy poorly, so its involvement is usually regarded as inappropriate.

3. It can lead to higher taxes – With more state intervention in the economy, it would mean that the government would invest more and would get their funds largely from tax revenues. More taxes would be required from the people, which can lead to negative consequences.

Answer: The main four factors which promote globalization are:

• Expansion of Technical Knowledge – In the previous years, the technical knowledge has improved which has made the process of import-export very easy and is encouraging globalization by transport and communication means.
• Expansion foreign trade – In the few years foreign trade has rapidly developed. From the year 1991 every country is fulfilling its demands by importing foreign goods which promotes globalization.
• Process of liberalization – After the process of liberalization, the restrictions on the inflow and outflow of goods and services from one country to another are withdraw. Due to which all the markets of the world are unified and working in the form of a unit.
• Expansion of multinational companies – Now, the companies which produce goods in more than one country called multinational companies have increased which is encouraging the process of globalization. These companies function as a link between the countries.

22. Show the following on the map of India :

(i) Aravali range

(ii) Nilgiri

(iii) Narmada river

(iv) Kaziranga

(v) Tropic of cancer.

OR

Give the indication of the following seasonal and air conditions in your answer book:

(i) Rain

(ii) Thunder storm

(iii) Hail

(iv) Pleasant breeze

(v) Strong breeze.

Answer: Activity to be done by yourself

23. What were the reasons for the failure of the Quit India Movement? Write any five.

OR

What is the Independence of India Act? Write its main provisions.

Answer: The reasons of the failure of Quit India Movement are:

• All Congress leaders were kept behind the bars for 2-3 years. Thousands of Indians were killed in the firing, millions were thrown in jail, the whole village was burnt. The Muslim League and the Communists boycotted this moment.
• The Congress had failed to gain broad support from other Indian political groups, each of which had its own reasons for opposing the Quit India Movement.
• In an effort to break the backdrop of this latest challenge for imperial rule, the British moved quickly to capture the leaders of the Indian National Congress. Since the Quit India Movement was largely a Congress party campaign, it contributed to its decline and ultimately failure.
• During World War II, Mahatma Gandhi led an India movement to abandon a non-violent resistance against British rule in India. Gandhi hoped that due to his military involvement in the war, Britain would self-govern and give India.
• Nevertheless, the Quit India Movement could have contributed to the final pull-out of the British government from India. They had fear of additional protests, which might be even more violent.

Answer: As per the plan of Lord Mountbatten the draft of ‘Independence of India’ act was prepared and sent to the congress and the league for consent. After acceptance of the draft, it became an act on 18th July 1947.

Main provisions of the act were-

• On 15th August 1947 two sovereign states will come into existence India and Pakistan. The British Government will hand over powers to them.
• Legislative assemblies of both the states will have the right to formulate their Constitution. Sindh, North East frontier province, Bengal, Silhat district of Assam shall be with Pakistan and the remaining part shall be with India.
• Till formulation of Constitutions by both the states, the state shall be governed as per the provisions of Government of India Act, 1935.
• There would be a Governor General to be appointed by the Emperor of Britain in each of the sovereign states India and Pakistan.
• The post of secretary of India will be abolished from 15th August 1947 and in its place a secretary of the Commonwealth will be appointed.
• The British Government will have no right or control on India and Pakistan after 15th August 1947.

24. Write the effects of Indo-Pak war of 1965.

OR

Write a detailed note on Indo-Bangladesh relations.

Answer: To prevent the infiltration from Pakistan, war opened between the two countries on 25th August 1965, Pakistan army attacked and took possession of Akhnoor area. India attacked the Punjab area of Pakistan and Indian forces headed towards Lahore. In the war of 1965 India won. Following were the effects of this war-

• Pakistan wanted to solve the Kashmir issue by wars, but she could not succeed.
• Pakistan believed that the Muslim population of Kashmir will side with Pakistan but such thing did not happen. India proved that the base of secularism in the country is strong.
• The morale of the India people and Indian Army was very high. Indian Army fought with

indigenous weapons.

• The role of the United Nations Organization in the Indo-Pak war was important. U.N.O. succeeded in its efforts to restore peace because America and Russia extended their support to U.N.O.
• This war proved fatal for Pakistan. The defeat in the war proved that the army dictatorship has not been effective.

Answer: India played a vital role in the independence of Bangladesh. India was the first country to recognize the independence of Bangladesh and started formal relationship in 1971. The bilateral relationship between India and Bangladesh received a boost with the signing of India-Mujib treaty in 1972. India and Bangladesh have cooperated with each other in different fields like space technology, information technology, defence, civil nuclear energy and other important segments like trade and commerce, connectivity etc. India is involved in development of ports in Bangladesh. India and Bangladesh share a land boundary of more than 4000 km. India and Bangladesh share 54 common rivers and Ganga water treaty was signed in 1996 to help in the sharing of water during the lean period. India has extended a line of credit to Bangladesh over the years to help them develop their railways, bridges, roads, medicare etc.

25. Describe the functions of Council of Ministers. (any five)

OR

Explain the Panchayati Raj System and describe the functions of local bodies. (any five)

Answer: The functions of Council of Ministers are:

• The Council of Ministers is headed by the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is the leader of the Council of Ministers.
• The Council of Ministers is formed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.
• The Council of Ministers can give advice to the President regarding any emergency in a state or in the country.
• The President can seek advice from the council of Ministers when he feels such a need on any subject.
• The Council of Ministers is the base of the executive. All the important laws and acts has to be passed by the Council of Ministers.
• The Council of Ministers is responsible to the House of People. It can be functional till it enjoys the confidence of Lok Sabha.

Answer: Sharing of powers with the local bodies is known as decentralisation of power. The reason behind sharing of power is, some of the states in India are as large as nations in Europe. Hence it is easier for people at the local level to solve their local problems by allocating resources. Rural local government is known as the Panchayati Raj. Every village or group of villages in states, has a gram panchayat. The main decisions for the welfare of the villages are taken by the Gram Panchayats.Adult population living in the villages will elect the members of respective gram panchayats. Gram Sabhas supervises the functioning of gram panchayats. Gram sabhas consists of all the voters in the village as its members.To review the performance of gram panchayat and to approve the annual budget of gram panchayat, gram sabha has to meet at least twice or thrice in a year.

Some of the main functions of local bodies are given below.

1. Maintenance of public streets.
2. Supply of clean drinking water.
3. Maintenance of public hospitals.
4. Registration of births and deaths.
5. Maintaining cleanliness.

26. Describe the measures which should be adopted to remove unemployment from India. (any five)

OR

What are the effects of terrorism on the society ? What measures should be adopted to fight terrorism?

Answer: The measures which should be adopted to remove unemployment from India are:

• Control over growing population – To eradicate the problem of unemployment, control over population growth is necessary. For this family planning programme should be publicized and implemented.
• Development of small and cottage industries – To increase the opportunities of employment development of small and cottage industries is necessary.
• Vocational education – Vocational education should be provided to children so that they are able to get employment.
• Development of Agriculture – Development of Agriculture is necessary for creating opportunities of employment for this new scheme should be implemented. Manures and fertilizers should be provided to farmers.
• Proper utilization of resources – Proper utilization of resources is necessary for crediting employment. It will create maximum opportunities of employment and will be helpful in economic development.

Answer: The effects of terrorism on the society are:

• The economic progress of the society gets hampered. As the government instead of paying attention and spending towards developmental activities they have to divert funds towards combating terrorist activities.
• Due to terrorism activities, there will be considerable loss of life and property. Public and private properties were damaged and innocent people were killed.
• Terrorism poses a situation of undeclared war. Some countries are using terrorism as a diplomatic tool.

Few of the measures to fight Terrorism are:

• No exploitation of people on the basis of religion and caste.
• People who encourage terrorism should be punished.
• Feelings of nationhood should be encouraged.
• There should be no discrimination against any section of society.
• Countries exporting cross border terrorism should be exposed at all international platforms.