MSBSHSE Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 4: Economic Development Textbook Questions and Solutions

We are going to study India’s economic policy in this chapter. That includes a study of the mixed economy, five year plans and their successes and failures, nationalisation of banks, 20-point programme, mill workers’ strike and especially the New Economic Policy of 1991. The MSBSHSE Class 9 solutions of Social Science History Chapter 4 are created by highly experienced faculty members having vast knowledge of the subject. These solutions are the best source of study material for annual exam preparation of Class 9.

MSBSHSE Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 4 Objective Questions: Textbook Important Questions and Solutions

MSBSHSE Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 4 Textbook Exercise Questions

Q1. (A) Choose the right option and write the sentence.

(1) On 19th July 1969 ………. major banks in India were nationalised.

(a) 12

(b) 14

(c) 16

(d) 18

(2) …………… declared a 20 point programme.

(a) Pandit Nehru

(b) Lal Bahadur Shastri

(c) Indira Gandhi

(d) P. V. Narsimha Rao

Answer 1: On 19th July 1969 14 major banks in India were nationalised

Answer 2: Indira Gandhi declared a 20 point programme.

(B) Identify the wrong pair and rewrite the corrected one.

(1) Kawasjee Dawar – Iron and Steel factory

(2) Dr Datta Samant – Leadership of mill workers

(3) N. M. Lokhande – Holiday for mill workers

(4) Narayan Survey – Depiction of lives of workers through poems

Answer B: Kavasaji Davar – Iron and Steel factory is the wrong pair in the list. The first textile mill was started in Mumbai on 11th July 1851 by Kawasjee Dawar.

Q2. (A) Complete the following chart.

Answer:

(B) Explain the concepts.

(1) Mixed Economy

(2) 20-point Programme

Answer B: In a capitalist system, the means of production are privately owned. In a socialist economy, the means of production are owned by the State in the name of the society. A mixed economy works both in the private and the public sector. In order to achieve economic development of modern India, we gave preference to a model of ‘mixed economy’. We can see three parts in this kind of economy :

(1) Public Sector: The industries in this sector are completely under the control and management of the government. For example, production of defence equipment.

(2) Private Sector: The industries in this sector are owned by private industrialists. Of course, the government supervises and controls them too. For example, consumer goods.

(3) Joint Sector: In this sector, some industries are owned by private industrialists, while some are run under government management.

Answer 2: Prime Minister Indira Gandhi announced the 20-point programme on 1st July 1975 and resolved to make efforts towards rapidly becoming a developed nation. The main provisions of the 20 point programme are as follows:

• Land ceiling for cities and agricultural land, equal division of wealth, minimum wages for workers, increase in water conservation schemes.
• Workers’ participation in industry, national training scheme, freeing bonded labour.
• Prevention of tax evasion, economic crimes and smuggling.
• Regulation of prices of basic necessities, improvements in the public distribution system.
• Improvement in the textile industry by developing the handloom sector, waiving loans for weaker sections, housing, communication facilities, making educational equipment available to schools.

Q3. (A) Give reasons.

(1) Independent India opted for mixed economy.

(2) Banks were nationalised in 1969.

(3) Mill workers went on strike.

Answer 1: A mixed economy works both in the private and the public sector. In order to achieve economic development of modern India, we gave preference to a model of ‘mixed economy’. We can see three parts in this kind of economy Private Sector, Public Sector and Joint Sector. For mixed economy to run smoothly there is a need for coordination between the private sector and the public sector. This system aims at maximisation of production and popular participation on a large scale. A mixed economy cannot ignore the profit motive, entrepreneurship, discipline, time bound planning, etc. A mixed economy also naturally tends to give priority to national interest. The industries like defence, scientific research, education, roads, railways, waterways, sea port and airport development require huge capital investment but the returns in these areas are delayed. Thus, India adopted the mixed economy model and five year plans and started off on its path of development.

Answer 2: India had adopted a mixed economy after independence. Nationalisation of banks was essential to cover the deficits if they occurred while implementing different schemes. Also the profits of these banks would come into the government treasury once they were nationalised. Along with this, the policy of developing small industries and pharmaceutical industries had to be implemented. Lal Bahadur Shastri undertook the experiment of the Green Revolution in order to overcome food shortages and drought. During the tenure of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, ‘Congress Forum for Socialist Action’, a group in the Congress party inspired by socialist ideas made a demand for nationalisation of commercial banks. Even the Communist Party supported this demand. Prime Minister Indira Gandhi nationalised 14 banks on 19th July 1969.

Answer 3: In the Diwali of 1981, the workers expected to get a bonus of 20%. The Rashtriya Mill Mazdoor Sangh, which was negotiating with the employers, agreed upon 8 to 17% bonus without taking the workers into confidence. The cut in the bonus proved to be the cause of unrest. Some workers went to Dr Datta Samant. They asked him to accept their leadership. Workers of 65 mills came together and Dr Datta Samat led the strike. On 18th January 1982, two and a half lakh workers went on a strike.

(B) Answer the following questions in 25 to 30 words.

(1) Which programmes were started in the 8th five-year plan?

(2) Which projects were started in the 2nd five-year plan?

Answer 1: Eighth five year plan gave a lot of scope to the private sector. The following programmes were started during this plan:

• Pradhanmantri Rozgar Yojana
• Mahila Samriddhi Yojana
• Rashtriya Samajik, Arthik Sahayya Yojana
• Midday Meal Scheme
• Indira Mahila Scheme
• Ganga Kalyan Scheme

Answer 2: This plan had ambitious goals of industrialisation. Iron and steel industries at Durgapur, Bhilai and Rourkela; Chemical fertilisers plant at Sindri; rail engine factory at Chittaranjan; factory of railway bogies at Perambur; Ship building factory at Visakhapatnam and other heavy industries were set up in the Public Sector. Huge dams like Bhakra- Nangal, Damodar, etc. were built to make water available for agriculture. It led to an increase in the national income.

Q4. What are the programmes started in the Seventh Five Year Plan?

Answer: The following programmes were started in this plan:

• Jawahar Rojgar Yojana
• India Awaas Yojana
• Scheme of 10 lakh wells.

Q5. What were the programmes implemented in the sixth five year plan?

Answer: The following programmes were implemented in the sixth five year plan :

• Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP).
• Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP).
• National Rural Employment Programme (NREP).
• Salem Steel Plant.