Question

What are the parts of chromosomes?

Answer 1

Chromosomes:

1. A chromosome is a coiled substance consisting of proteins that resembles a thread. All cells have chromosomes, which contain the basic genetic material DNA, which is passed down from generation to generation.
2. A chromosome is made up of sevencomponents in most cases:
   1. Chromatid: A chromosome is split into two identical half strands and reunited by a centromere during cell division. Each half of the chromosome is linked to form a chromatid.
   2. Centromere or Kinetochore: The chromatids or spindle fibres are linked to the major constriction at the centre. Its purpose is to allow chromosomal mobility during the anaphase stage of cell division.
   3. Chromatin: Within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, it is a complex of DNA and proteins that creates chromosomes. DNA, RNA, and protein make up the chromatin.
   4. Secondary Constriction: It is present for nucleolar organisation in most cases.
   5. Telomere: Each chromosome's terminal segment is known as the telomere.
   6. Chromomeres: The bead-like structures found on threads or chromonema are known as chromonema.
   7. Matrix: Inside the pellicle, there is a jelly-like substance called matrix. It is made up of non-genetic components.