Bones of vertebrates are derived from embryonic mesoderm.

Ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm are the three germ layers. Each germ layer produces specialised tissues, organs, and organ systems in the developing child.

The ectoderm gives rise to the skin’s epidermis, the adrenal gland’s medulla, the intermediate and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland, and the pineal gland.

Mesoderm generates skin dermis, muscles, cortex of adrenal glands, connective tissues, majority of the skeleton and dentine of teeth.

Endoderm lines the trachea, lungs, bronchi, bladder and middle ear membranes.

The mesoderm is the middle layer that forms in the very first stage of embryonic development in gastrulation in most mammals. The mesoderm produces non-epithelial blood cells, coelomocytes, mesenchyme, and mesothelium. The mesenchymal cells of the mesoderm produce the bones of vertebrates. The regeneration of bone and cartilage skeletal tissue is assisted by mesenchymal cells, often known as stem cells. These cells are found in the bone marrow and are made from the mesodermal layer.

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