A scotoma is a region of a partial disruption in the field of vision surrounded by a field of healthy or well-preserved vision. Every typical mammalian eye has a scotoma, also known as a blind spot, in its field of vision. A scotoma partially decreases or completely degrades visual acuity.
Scotoma can be a severe and life-altering disease with a wide range of underlying causes. A scotoma can appear in one or both eyes, in the middle of the visual field or at the periphery, and it can be single or multiple.
Symptom-producing scotoma, also known as pathological scotomata, can result from various disease processes damaging any visual field component, including the macula, the most sensitive section of the retina, the optic nerve, and even the visual brain. Any visual field area may be affected by a pathological scotoma, which can also vary in size and shape. The usual blind spot could be a part of and enlarged by a scotoma.
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