NSEC Class 11 syllabus

Serial Number

Name of Chapter

Topics Covered

1

Some basic concepts of Chemistry

• General Introduction
• Importance and scope of Chemistry.
• Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept and molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formula
• Chemical reactions
• Stoichiometry and calculations based on stoichiometry.

2

Structure of Atoms

• Bohr’s model and its limitations, the concept of shells and subshells, dual nature of matter and light, de Broglie’s relationship,
• Heisenberg uncertainty principle, the concept of orbitals
• Quantum numbers
• Shapes of s, p and d orbitals, rules for filling electrons in orbitals – Aufbau principle
• Pauli’s exclusion principle
• Hund’s rule, electronic configuration of atoms
• Stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals.

3

Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

• Modern periodic law and the present form of the periodic table
• Periodic trends in properties of elements -atomic radii, ionic radii, inert gas radii
• Ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valency.
• Nomenclature of elements with atomic number greater than 100.

4

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

• Valence electrons, ionic bond, covalent bond, bond parameters
• Lewis structure, the polar character of covalent bond, the covalent character of ionic bond
• Valence bond theory, resonance
• The geometry of covalent molecules, VSEPR theory
• The concept of hybridization, involving s, p and d orbitals and shapes of some simple molecules, molecular orbital
• theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules (qualitative idea only)
• Hydrogen bond

5

States of Matter: Solid, Liquid and Gas

• Three states of matter
• Intermolecular interactions
• Types of bonding, melting and boiling points
• Role of gas laws in elucidating
• The concept of the molecule
• Boyle’s law
• Charles law
• Gay Lussac’s law
• Avogadro’s law
• Ideal behaviour
• Empirical derivation of gas equation
• Avogadro’s number
• Ideal gas equation and deviation from ideal behaviour

6

Chemical Thermodynamics

• Concepts of system and types of systems
• Surroundings, work, heat, energy, extensive and intensive properties, state functions
• The first law of thermodynamics – internal energy and enthalpy, measurement of U and H
• Hess’s law of constant heat summation, enthalpy of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, ionization, solution and dilution.
• Second law of thermodynamics (brief introduction)
• Introduction of entropy as a state function, Gibb’s energy changes for spontaneous and nonspontaneous processes.
• Third law of thermodynamics (brief introduction)

7

Equilibrium

• Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium
• The law of mass action
• Equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium
• Le Chatelier’s principle
• Ionic equilibrium- ionization of acids and bases, strong and weak electrolytes
• Degree of ionization, ionization of polybasic acids, acid strength, the concept of pH, buffer solution, solubility product, common ion effect

8

Redox Reaction

• Concept of oxidation and reduction
• Redox reactions, oxidation number
• Balancing redox reactions, in terms of loss and gain of electrons
• Change in oxidation number

9

Hydrogen

• Position of hydrogen in periodic table
• Occurrence, isotopes, hydrides-ionic covalent and interstitial
• Physical and chemical properties of water, heavy water, hydrogen as a fuel

10

S-block Elements

• Group 1 and Group 2 elements
• General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence
• Anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationship
• Trends in the variation of properties (such as ionization enthalpy, atomic and ionic radii)
• Trends in chemical reactivity with oxygen, water, hydrogen and halogens, and its uses

11

P-block Elements

• General introduction to p -block elements
• Group 13 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, variation of properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity
• Anomalous properties of the first element of the group, Boron – physical and chemical properties.
• Group 14 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, variation of properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous behaviour of first elements. Carbon-catenation, allotropic forms, physical and chemical properties.

12

Organic Chemistry: Some Basic Principles and Techniques

• General introduction
• Classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds
• Electronic displacements in a covalent bond: inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation
• Homolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond: free radicals, carbocations, carbanions, electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of organic reactions

13

Hydrocarbons

• Classification of hydrocarbons aliphatic hydrocarbons: Alkanes
• Nomenclature, isomerism, conformation (ethane only), physical properties, chemical reactions.
• Alkenes – Nomenclature, the structure of double bond (ethene), geometrical isomerism, physical properties, methods of preparation
• Chemical reactions: addition of hydrogen, halogen, water, hydrogen halides (Markovnikov’s addition and peroxide effect), ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism of electrophilic addition.
• Alkynes – Nomenclature, the structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties, methods of preparation, chemical reactions: acidic character of alkynes, addition reaction of – hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides and water.

14

Environmental Chemistry

• Environmental pollution – A matter of great concern
• Causes of water pollution
• Global warming due to the greenhouse effect
• Green chemistry – The alternative tool