What organ controls the level of glucose in blood?
The level of blood glucose is mainly regulated by hormones secreted by the pancreas, i.e. insulin and glucagon. Insulin stimulates... View Article
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What happens during glycogen breakdown?
The breakdown of glycogen to glucose is called glycogenolysis. Glycogen primarily stored in the liver and muscles is broken down... View Article
Is hexokinase found in the cytosol?
Yes, hexokinase is found in the cytosol. It catalyses the first step of glycolysis, i.e. glucose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate.... View Article
Where does lactic acid fermentation occur in the body?
Lactic acid fermentation occurs in the skeletal muscles. When oxygen is inadequate, pyruvate is converted to lactic acid by lactate... View Article
What is the full form of RuBisCO?
RuBisCO is the most abundant enzyme present in the world. The full form of RuBisCO is Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase. It... View Article
Which step in TCA cycle is related to the oxidative decarboxylation step?
The formation of succinyl CoA by α-ketoglutarate is an oxidative decarboxylation. The reaction is catalyzed by α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. One molecule... View Article
Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?
Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria. Enzyme complexes of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase are present in the... View Article
Why do C4 plants have an advantage in hot dry conditions?
The C4 plants have a specialised mechanism of photosynthesis to increase efficiency. They lack photorespiration. Carbon dioxide is first fixed... View Article
What is the function of RuBisCO in the Calvin cycle?
RuBisCO catalyses the carbon fixation reaction. CO2 is utilised in the carboxylation of RuBP to produce 2 molecules of 3-PGA.... View Article
What is the end product of ETC?
The end products of the ETC or electron transport chain are the formation of ATP and the formation of water... View Article
What is an example of lactic acid fermentation?
Examples of lactic acid fermentation are in muscles during excessive exercise when oxygen is insufficient, Lactobacillus bacteria prepare curd from... View Article
How do you calculate RQ?
Respiratory quotient (RQ) is the ratio of the volume of CO2 evolved to the volume of O2 consumed in respiration.... View Article
Is oxidative decarboxylation reversible?
No, oxidative decarboxylation is generally an irreversible step. E.g. oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA is an irreversible reaction.... View Article
What is the difference between lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation?
The main difference between lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation is the release of CO2. Carbon dioxide is released in alcoholic... View Article
What are the 3 main steps in the electron transport chain?
The three main steps in the electron transport chain are: Generation of a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane. Proton... View Article
What is the difference between Photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?
Photophosphorylation occurs in the chloroplast during photosynthesis, whereas oxidative phosphorylation occurs in mitochondria during cellular respiration. Both the processes synthesise... View Article
What is complex IV in ETS of mitochondria?
Complex IV is also known as cytochrome c oxidase. It contains cytochrome a and a3, two heme and two copper... View Article
Which stage of Calvin cycle utilizes ATP?
For each turn of the cycle, i.e. for a molecule of CO2 fixed, 3 molecules of ATP are utilised. Total... View Article
What is difference between pyruvate and pyruvic acid?
Pyruvate is a conjugate base of pyruvic acid. These terms are often used interchangeably. Pyruvate is a key intermediate in... View Article
Which complex of ETS has both iron and copper?
Complex IV or cytochrome c oxidase has both iron and copper. It contains cytochrome a and a3, two heme and... View Article
