A battery can be defined as the collection of one or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Batteries were introduced to store generated electrical energy. It is important to store energy because it could be used when the generation is down or to power up stand-alone devices that cannot be tethered to the supply from the mains.
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Types of Batteries
Batteries can be classified into various types based on different categories such as the size, chemical composition, and form factor. But all in all, they fall under two main battery types, which are:
- Primary Batteries
- Secondary Batteries
The primary battery is made for only single use. Once it is used, it cannot be recharged and is thrown away. For example:- disposable batteries. Secondary batteries are the ones which can be recharged if it is over or they can be recharged and used simultaneously. These are charged by using electric current. For example, batteries used in phones, laptops, etc. In the next section, let us look at the classification of secondary batteries.
Classification of Secondary Batteries
The secondary batteries are further classified as follows:
- Lead Acid Battery
- Lithium Battery
- Nickel Cadmium Battery
- Sealed Maintenance-Free Battery
Lead Acid Battery
These kinds of batteries require proper care and maintenance for lasting longer. These are used in inverters, automobiles, and in backup power systems. It has to be charged for a longer duration and performs well when maintained properly at regular intervals. These provide the best value for power and energy per kilowatt-hour.
Lithium Battery
This battery is used in portable devices such as phones, music players etc and has capacities depending upon the size of the battery. These are of high density and have a potential for higher capacities. Therefore, it can also be used to provide a high current in power tool appliances.
Nickel Cadmium Battery
This battery can be recharged many times and has a more physical and electrical withstanding capacity. It has nickel oxide as the cathode and cadmium as the anode with potassium hydroxide as the electrolyte. These batteries are used in portable computers, cam recorders and other small battery-operated instruments.
Sealed Maintenance-Free Battery
This battery requires minimum maintenance and can be used in supplying consistent and low power such as in UPS applications. These are used to deliver instant power are used in power deficit areas such as rural areas. These are used with appliances when you need to store important information when the power goes out.
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