Quadratic Interpolation Formula

Quadratic Interpolation Formula

Dictionary meaning of interpolation is the estimation of an unknown quantity between two known quantities. If the trends, seasonality and longer term cycles are known then interpolation is easy. The concept of interpolation can be shown in series analysis and regression analysis in statistics.

It is a special case of curve fitting. The solution can be approximated by a low degree when the observation has fairly smooth behaviour between the tabular data and an assumption can be made.

The formula of quadratic interpolation is given as:

f(xj+θh)≈fj+θ△fj+12θ(θ−1)△2fj

Even though now that electronic and technology is so advanced that the computers and calculators have a built in function where the algorithm for interpolation is available readily, but, this formula is still important if available only in tabular form and it serves as an introduction for wider application of finite differences.

Solved Example

Question: Find the estimate of

cos(80∘:35′)
by quadratic interpolation ?

Table of

cosx
:

x
80∘
0′ 0.1736
10′ 0.1708
20′ 0.1679
30′ 0.1650
40′ 0.1622

Solution:

Given Table,

x  f(x) =
cosx
 
δ
δ2
80∘
 0′
 0.1736
80∘
10′
 0.1708  -28  -1
80∘
20′
 0.1679  -29  0
80∘
30′
 0.1650  -29  1
80∘
40′
0.1622  -28  -1
Using the formula
cos80∘35′
=
f(80∘30′)+0.5δf(80∘30′)+120.5(0.5–1)δ2f(80∘30′)
cos80∘35′
= 0.1650 + 0.5(-0.0028) + (0.5)(0.5)(-0.5)(-0.0001)

cos80∘35′
= 0.1636

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