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Question

4. Describe an experiment for separation of pure ammonium chloride from a mixture of common salt and ammonium chloride.


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Solution

Step 1: Mixture of common salt and ammonium chloride

  • By sublimation, a mixture of common salt (NaCl) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) can be separated.
  • Sublimation is the transition of a substance from the solid phase to the gaseous phase without changing into the liquid phase.
  • We used this method when a mixture consists of two or more solids, in which one of the solids sublimes on heating.
  • In a mixture of ammonium chloride and common salt, ammonium chloride can sublime.

Step 2: Experiment for separation of pure ammonium chloride from a mixture of common salt and ammonium chloride

The steps for performing the sublimation process are following:

  1. A mixture of common salt and ammonium chloride should be taken in a china dish.
  2. Over a tripod stand place an iron pan containing the sand. Place a wire gauze under the sand pan.
  3. The mixture should be taken in an inverted funnel covered with a cotton wool plug.
  4. Heat the mixture over a low Bunsen flame.
  5. After some time, white fumes are seen to rise in a funnel. These fumes are of ammonium chloride.
  6. They gradually settle on the upper walls of the funnel to form a fine white powder.
  7. Now, remove the funnel and scrap ammonium chloride from its walls.
  8. Repeat the process. Ammonium chloride will separate completely.


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