Properties of Alpha, Beta and Gamma Rays

Q.

What are the properties of radioactive decay?

Q.

What is an alpha particle made up of?

Q. In the decay sequence, ${}_{92}^{238}U\stackrel{-x_1}{\to }{}_{90}^{234}Th\stackrel{-x_2}{\to }{}_{91}^{234}Pa\stackrel{-x_3}{\to }{}^{234}Z\stackrel{-x_4}{\to }{}_{90}^{230}Th{x}_1,x_2,x_{3}and{x}_4$ are particles /radiation emitted by the respective isotopes. The correct option(s) is/are:

1. $x_3$ is $\gamma -ray$
2. Z is an isotope of uranium
3. $x_2$ is ${\beta }^{-}$ decay
4. $x_1$ will deflect towards negatively charged plate

Q.

What does Alpha Particle Mean?

Q. Assertion : A beam of electrons deflects more than a beam of $\alpha$ -particles in an electric field.
Reason : Electrons possess negative charge while $\alpha$ -particles possess positive charge.

1. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

2. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

3. If assertion is true but reason is false.

4. If the assertion and reason both are false.
5. If assertion is false but reason is true.

Q. Which of the following regarding a radioactive decay is/are true?

1. All radioactive decay processes follow first order kinetics
2. Radioactive nuclei acquire stability by interconversion of neutrons and protons
3. Gamma rays gets deflected in the presence of magnetic field
4. The reaction ${}_{92}^{235}U{+}_0^{1}n{\to }_{56}^{141}Ba{+}_{36}^{92}Kr+3_0^{1}n$ is an example of nuclear fission

Q. Read the following :
(i) The half-life period of a radioactive element X is same as the mean-life time of another radioactive element Y. Initially, both of them have the same number of atoms. Then Y will decay at a faster rate than X.
(ii) The electron emitted in beta radiation originated from the decay of a neutron in a nucleus.
(iii) The half-life of ${}^{215}$ A is 100 ms. The time taken for the radioactivity of a sample of ${}^{215}$ At to decay to $1/{16}^{th}$ of its initial value is 400 ms.
(iv) The volume (V) and mass (m) of a nucleus are related us $V\propto$ m.
(v) Given a sample of Radium - 226 has a half-life of 4 days. Then nucleus disintegrates 3/4 within 2 half-lives.
Select the correct code for above:

1. TTTTT
2. TFTTF
3. FTTTF
4. FTFTF

Q. Gamma rays are among the highest energy electromagnetic radiation because:

1. Gamma rays are emitted due to alpha decay.
2. They are emitted from radioactive elements.
3. They are the consequence of nuclear energy transitions and nuclei have very high difference between the allowed energy states, of the order of few MeVs.
4. All of the above.

Q.

1. True
2. False

Q. A radioactive nucleus undergoes a series of decay according to the scheme:
$A\stackrel{a}{⟶}{A}_1\stackrel{\beta }{⟶}{A}_2{\stackrel{\alpha }{⟶}A}_3{\stackrel{\gamma }{⟶}A}_4$

1. 176 and 70
2. 172 and 69
3. 174 and 70
4. 176 and 69

Q. Why are halogens coloured?

Q. The atomic weight of an element is 23 and its atomic number is 11. The number of protons, electrons and neutrons respectively present in the atom of the element are:

1. 11, 11, 12
2. 12, 12, 11
3. 11, 12, 11
4. 12, 11, 12

Q. Sodium-24, a radioactive isotope used medically in blood studies, decays by beta decay and has a half-life of 15.0 hours. What is the product of the radioactive decay of Na-24?

1. F-20
2. Ne-24
3. Ne-23
4. Na-23
5. Mg-24

Q. Concerning the reaction order, all of the following options are correct except which of the following?

1. If doubling the concentration of a reactant doubles the rate of the reaction, then the reaction is first order in that reactant
   
2. After three half-lives, a radioactive sample will have one-ninth of its original concentration
3. The units for the rate constant for first-order reactions are $s^{-1}$
4. Half life is independent of the concentration.

Q. Among the following nuclides, the highest tendency to decay by (${\beta }^{+}$) emission is ?

1. ${Cu}^{59}$
2. ${}^{63}Cu$
3. ${}^{67}Cu$
4. ${}^{68}Cu$

Q. What particle is produced when Plutonium-242 decays to Uranium-238?

1. Gamma
2. Alpha
3. Positron
4. Beta

Q. Assertion (A) : γ-rays have very high penetrating power.
Reason (R) : γ-rays are high-energy electromagnetic radiations.

1. Statement 1 is True, Statement 2 is False.
2. Statement 2 is True, Statement 1 is False
3. Both the statements are True.
4. Both the statements are False.

Q. Assertion : A beam of electrons deflects more than a beam of $\alpha$ -particles in an electric field.
Reason : Electrons possess negative charge while $\alpha$ -particles possess positive charge.

1. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

2. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

3. If assertion is true but reason is false.

4. If the assertion and reason both are false.
5. If assertion is false but reason is true.

Q. Radioactive disintegration is an example of:

1. zero order reaction
2. first order reaction
3. second order reaction
4. third order reaction

Q. A certain radioactive isotope ${}_Z{X}^A(t_{1/2}=10day)$ decays to give ${}_{Z-4}{X}^{A-8}$. If $1g$ atom of ${}_Z{X}^A$ is kept in a sealed vessel, how much of $He$ will accumulate in $20$ days at $STP$?

Q. Half life of radioactive element ${}_{92}^{238}U$ is independent of the initial amount of radioactive element taken. What will be the decay order of the element?

Q. Tritium undergoes radioactive decay giving:

1. $\alpha -$ particles
2. $\beta$- particles
3. $\gamma$- rays
4. neutrons

Q. Who observed that when the nucleus of uranium atom was bombarded with fast moving neutrons, it becomes so very unstable that it is immediately broken into two nuclie of nearly equal mass besides other fragments?

1. J.J. Thomson
2. Chadwick
3. Einstein
4. Hahn and Strassmann

Q. The decay of proton to neutron is possible only inside the nucleus. Why?

Q. In the decay sequence, ${}_{92}^{238}U\stackrel{-x_1}{\to }{}_{90}^{234}Th\stackrel{-x_2}{\to }{}_{91}^{234}Pa\stackrel{-x_3}{\to }{}^{234}Z\stackrel{-x_4}{\to }{}_{90}^{230}Th$

1. $x_1$ will deflect towards negatively charged plate
2. $x_2$ is ${\beta }^{-}$
3. $x_3$ is $\gamma -ray$
4. $z$ is an isotope of uranium

Q. Maam is heat given out or absorbed during formation of elements??

Q. A radioactive element decays by the sequence, and with half-lives, given below:
$X\stackrel{\alpha }{\underset{30min}{⟶}}Y\stackrel{2\beta }{\underset{2days}{⟶}}Z$
which of the the following statements about this system are correct?

1. After two hours, less than 10% of the initial X is left
2. Maximum amount of Y present at any time before 30 min is less than 50 % of the initial amount of X
3. All of the above
4. atomic number of X and Z are same

Q. Which of the following is not a mode of radioactive decay ?

1. Positron emission
2. Electron capture
3. Fusion
4. Alpha decay

Q. What is pair of production effect and electron-positron pair?

Q. Can radioactive rays be used to penetrate & increase the no. of neutrons or protons in an atom?