A bottle of dry ammonia and one of dry hydrogen chloride are connected at the two ends of a long tube. The stoppers at both ends of the tube are opened simultaneously. The white fumes will be formed first:

at the centre of the tube

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near the hydrogen chloride bottle

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near the ammonia bottle

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throughout the length of the tube

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Solution

The correct option is B near the hydrogen chloride bottle
The rate of diffusion (the speed at which the gas diffuses into another gas) is inversely proportional to the molecular mass of gas. As ammonia (molecular mass: 17) is lighter than hydrogen chloride (MM = 36.5), it will travel more distance than HCl in the same time interval and the two gas will first meet nearer to HCl end.
Hence, the white fumes will be formed first near the hydrogen chloride bottle.

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Q. Through the two ends of a glass tube of length

200 c m

hydrogen chloride and ammonia gases are allowed to enter. At what distance ammonium chloride will first appear?

Explain why :

(a) anhydrous HCl is a poor conductor while aqueous HCl is an excellent conductor.
(b) when the stopper of a bottle full of hydrogen chloride gas is opened there are fumes in the air.
(c) a solution of hydrogen chloride in water turns blue litmus red and conducts electricity, while a solution of the same gas in toluene :
(i) has no effect on litmus, and
(ii) does not conduct electricity.
(d) thick white fumes are formed when a glass rod dipped in $N H_{4} O H$ is brought near the mouth of a bottle full of HCl gas.
(e) dry hydrogen chloride gas does not affect a dry strip of blue litmus paper but it turns red in the presence of a drop of water.

(f) hydrogen chloride gas is not collected over water.

When the stopper of a bottle full of hydrogen chloride gas is opened, fumes can be seen coming out. Why does this happen?

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