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Question

(a) Describe the Rutherford's model of an atom. State one drawback of Rutherford's model of the atom.
(b) The mass number of an element is 23 and it contains 11 electrons. What is the number of protons and neutrons in it? Whta is the atomic number of the element?

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Solution

a)Rutherford's model shows that an atom is mostly empty space, with electrons orbiting a fixed, positively charged nucleus in set, predictable paths. This model of an atom was developed by Ernest Rutherford. Drawbacks of Rutherford Atomic Model

As before, Rutherford atomic model was also challenged and questioned by many. Rutherford atomic model failed to explain about the stability of electrons in a circular path. As per Rutherford’s model, electrons revolve around the nucleus in a circular path. But particles that are in motion on a circular path would undergo acceleration, and acceleration causes radiation of energy by charged particles. Eventually, electrons should lose energy and fall into the nucleus. And this points to the instability of atom. But this is not possible because atoms are stable. Hence, Rutherford failed to give an explanation on account of this.

b) Number of protons + number of electrons = mass number.
number of protons = number of electrons = 11
number of neutrons = mass number - number of protons = 23 - 11 = 12
Atomic number = number of protons = 11


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