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Question

(a) Name two gases which combine chemically to form a solid.
(b) Name a chloride which is soluble in excess of ammonium hydroxide.
(c) How will you show that hydrochloric acid contains both hydrogen and chlorine (other than by electrolysis)?
(d) Complete and balance the following equations:
KMnO4 + HCl
_______ + _______ + ________ + 8H 2O

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Solution

(a) When ammonia gas comes in contact with hydrogen chloride gas, it yields dense white fumes of ammonium chloride.

HCl(g) + NH3(g) → NH4Cl(s)

(b) Silver chloride is soluble in an excess of ammonium hydroxide.

AgCl(s) + 2NH4OH(aq) → [Ag(NH3)2]Cl(aq) + 2H2O(l)

(c) When hydrochloric acid reacts with metals, it forms the respective chlorides, liberating hydrogen gas in the process. This reaction shows the presence of hydrogen gas in hydrochloric acid.

Metal + Hydrochloric acid Metal chloride + Hydrogen

For example, zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid, evolving hydrogen gas.

Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2​(g)
Zinc Zinc chloride Hydrogen

When hydrochloric acid reacts with strong oxidising agents, chlorine gas is liberated.

Oxidising agent + Conc. hydrochloric acid Salt + Water + Chlorine gas

For example, red lead evolves chlorine gas from hydrochloric acid.

Pb3O4​(s) + 8HCl(aq) → 3PbCl2(aq) + 4H2O(l) + Cl2(g)
Trilead Lead chloride
tetroxide
(red)

The reactions given above prove that hydrochloric acid contains hydrogen and chlorine.

(d) The complete balanced chemical equation is

2KMnO4 + 16HCl 2KCl(aq) + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2↑ + 8H2O


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