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Question

A ship sends a sonar wave to the sea bed which is flat and measured several times over a large area. One day the reflected sound wave takes longer time than in previous measurements. The possible reason is:

A
The frequency of the sonar wave, generated by the equipment is higher than previous measurements.
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B
There is a solid object of large size in the path of sonar wave.
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C
There is a huge air bubble in the path of sonar wave.
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D
The loudness of the sonar wave, generated by the equipment is lower than previous measurement.
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Solution

The correct option is C There is a huge air bubble in the path of sonar wave.
The speed of sound wave is more in liquid state as compared to gaseous state. If an air bubble is in the path of sonar, then the speed of sonar wave decreases and thus it takes longer time to reach.
For the case of solid, sound would be reflected from it and the time would actually reduce.
Speed of sound does not depend on the frequency and loudness of the sound. Hence, changing the frequency or loudness will not change the time.

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