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Question

A σ bond may be formed by the overlap of 2 atomic orbitals of atoms A and B. If the bond is formed along the x-axis, which of the following overlaps is acceptable?

A
s orbital of A and pz orbital of B
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B
px orbital of A and py orbital of B
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C
pz orbital of A and px orbital of B
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D
px orbital of A and s orbital of B
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Solution

The correct option is D px orbital of A and s orbital of B
p-orbitals are directional in nature. So, only px orbitals can take part in overlapping if bond is formed along x-axis.
However, s-orbital, being non-directional (spherical), overlaps in all the directions.
So, only px and s orbitals overlapping is favourable for the formation of sigma bond along x-axis.
(px of A and s of B)

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