Choose the correct stability order of group $13$ elements in their +1 oxidation state.

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Solution

The inert pair effect is defined as the non-participation of the two s electrons in bonding due to the high energy needed for unpairing them.

Due to inert pair effect, stability of +3 oxidation state decreases and that of +1 oxidation state increases for (down the group) group 13 elements.
So, the correct order of stability of group 13 elements in their +1 oxidation state is $A l < G a < I n < T l$ .

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The decreasing order of relative stability of $+ 1$ oxidation state of group $13$ elements is

13

+ 1

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