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Valence Bond Theory

Consider the ...

Question

Consider the following carbocations
I. $C H_{3} - C^{⨁} H_{2}$
II. $C H_{2} = C^{⨁} H$
III. $C H_{2} = C H - C^{⨁} H_{2}$
IV. $C_{6} H_{5} - C H_{2}^{⨁}$
Stability of these carbocations in decreasing order is?

IV>III>I>II

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IV>III>II>I

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III>IV>II>I

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III>IV>I>II

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Solution

The correct option is A IV>III>I>II
Stability of carbocation :-
Resonance $>$ Hyper conjugation.
$i) R e s o n a n c e ⟶$ Higher the resonance, greater is stability.
$I) C_{6} H_{5} - ⨁ C H_{2}$ has higher resonance than $C H_{2} = C H - ⨁ C H_{2}$
$I I) C H_{2} = C H - ⨁ C H_{2} ⟷ ⨁ C H_{2} - C H = C H_{2}$
$i i)$ $C H_{2} = ⨁ C H$ doesn't have resonating structure.
Hyperconjugation :- No. of $α - H$ increases, stability increases.
$C H_{2} = ⨁ C H$ has less number of $α - H,$ i.e. only $2$ .
$C H_{3} - ⨁ C H_{2}$ has $3 α - H$ so is more stable than $C H_{2} = ⨁ C H$ because of Hyper conjugation.
$∴$ Correct order of stability is $I V > I I I > I > I I$

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