Define the following, giving one example of each:
(i) Esterification
(ii) Addition reaction
Define the following, giving one example of each:
(i) Esterification
(ii) Addition reaction
(i) Esterification- Esters are most commonly formed by reaction of an acid and an alcohol. Ethanoic acid reacts with absolute ethanol in the presence of an acid as a catalyst to give an ester. Esters are sweet-smelling substances. These are used in making perfumes and as flavouring agents.
CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH conc.H2SO4−−−−−−−→ CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
(ii) Addition reaction- An addition reaction is an organic reaction where two or more molecules combine to form a larger one. Addition reactions are limited to chemical compounds that have multiple bonds, such as molecules with carbon-carbon double bonds (alkenes), with triple bonds (alkynes) or with carbonyl (C=O) groups. Unsaturated hydrocarbons add hydrogen in the presence of catalysts such as palladium or nickel to give saturated hydrocarbons. This reaction is commonly used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils using a nickel catalyst.
(i) Esterification- Esters are most commonly formed by reaction of an acid and an alcohol. Ethanoic acid reacts with absolute ethanol in the presence of an acid as a catalyst to give an ester. Esters are sweet-smelling substances. These are used in making perfumes and as flavouring agents.
CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH conc.H2SO4−−−−−−−→ CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
(ii) Addition reaction- An addition reaction is an organic reaction where two or more molecules combine to form a larger one. Addition reactions are limited to chemical compounds that have multiple bonds, such as molecules with carbon-carbon double bonds (alkenes), with triple bonds (alkynes) or with carbonyl (C=O) groups. Unsaturated hydrocarbons add hydrogen in the presence of catalysts such as palladium or nickel to give saturated hydrocarbons. This reaction is commonly used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils using a nickel catalyst.
