Define the following terms:
(i) Constant boiling mixture
(ii) Hygroscopic substance
(iii) Oleum
(iv) Dehydrating agent.
Define the following terms:
(i) Constant boiling mixture
(ii) Hygroscopic substance
(iii) Oleum
(iv) Dehydrating agent.
(i) Constant boiling mixture: The constant boiling mixture is one in which the composition of the mixture does not change on boiling. Example, a 98.5% sulphuric acid makes a constant boiling mixture that boils at 338⁰ C.
(ii) Hygroscopic substance: A substance that has the ability to absorb or hold moisture from the air through the process of absorption or adsorption. Example: concentrated sulphuric acid.
(iii) Oleum: It is formed by the absorption of sulphur trioxide in 98% sulphuric acid. It is also known as pyrosulphuric or orthosulphuric acid. Its chemical formula is H2S2O7 or H2SO4.SO3.
(iv) Dehydrating agent: It removes water molecules or atoms of water (hydrogen and oxygen) in the ratio of 2 : 1 from the substance.
(i) Constant boiling mixture: The constant boiling mixture is one in which the composition of the mixture does not change on boiling. Example, a 98.5% sulphuric acid makes a constant boiling mixture that boils at 338⁰ C.
(ii) Hygroscopic substance: A substance that has the ability to absorb or hold moisture from the air through the process of absorption or adsorption. Example: concentrated sulphuric acid.
(iii) Oleum: It is formed by the absorption of sulphur trioxide in 98% sulphuric acid. It is also known as pyrosulphuric or orthosulphuric acid. Its chemical formula is H2S2O7 or H2SO4.SO3.
(iv) Dehydrating agent: It removes water molecules or atoms of water (hydrogen and oxygen) in the ratio of 2 : 1 from the substance.
