Describe the process of amplification of ''gene of interest '' using PCR technique.
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Solution
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the process in which the amplification of the gene of interest is carried out with two sets of primers and a thermostable DNA polymerase enzyme Taq polymerase. The process involves the following steps:
Denaturation: The double-stranded DNA is heated up to 94oCwhich causes the hydrogen bonds to break and the two strands get separated.
Annealing: The two sets of primers are added which bind to the appropriate complementary segment of the DNA strand at 54oC.
Extension: The Taq polymerase enzyme polymerizes the nucleotide chain using the nucleotides provided in the medium and by using the template strand at 72oC.