Differentiate between members of each of the following pairs with reference to what is asked in brackets.
(a) Myopia and hyperopia (Cause of the defect)
(b) Rods and cones (Sensitivity)
(c) Semi-circular canal and cochlea (Function)
(d) Rod and cone cells (Pigment contained)
(e) Dynamic balance and static balance (Definition)

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Solution

(a) Myopia results when the eyeball is lengthened from front to back or the lens is too curved.
Hyperopia results from either too shortening of the eyeball from front to back or when the lens is too flat.

(b) Rods are sensitive to dim light but do not respond to colour.
cones are sensitive to bright light and are responsible for colour vision.

(c) the cochlea is responsible for hearing; it can perceive the senses of hearing.
Semicircular canals are responsible for perceiving the senses to maintain the body balance.

(d) Rod cells contain rhodopsin whereas the cone cells contain iodopsin.

(e) Dynamic balance is when the body is in motion whereas static balance is positional balance with respect to gravity.

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(i)

Diffusion and Osmosis (Definition).

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RBC and WBC (shape).

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Tubectomy and Vasectomy (Part cut and tied).

(i v)

Vasopressin and Insulin (deficiency disorder).

(v)

Rods and Cones of Retina (type of pigmene).

Differentiate between each of the following pairs with reference to the aspect asked within brackets:
(a) Erythrocytes and leucocyte (function)
(b) Artery and vein (direction of blood flow)
(c) Artery and vein (the type of blood primarily flowing through)
(d) Tricuspid and bicuspid valves (location).

Note the relationship between the first two words and suggest the suitable word/words for the fourth place.
(a) Cones: Iodopsin:: Rods: ..............
(b) Sound: Eardrum: Dynamic balance: ..............

Question 7

Which of the following statements is correct regarding rods and cones in the human eye?
(a) Cones are sensitive to dim light
(b) Cones are sensitive to bright light
(c) Rods are sensitive to bright light
(d) Rods can sense colour

Q. Note the relationship between the first two words and suggest the suitable word/words for the fourth place.
(a) Cones : Iodopsim :: Rods : ............
(b) Sound : Ear drum :: Dynamic balance : ............

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