Differentiate between roasting and calcination with examples.

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Solution

Calcination Roasting
Ore is heated in absence of air.
$F e_{2} O_{3} \cdot x H_{2} O Δ - \to F e_{2} O_{3} + x H_{2} O$
$Z n C O_{3} Δ - \to Z n O + C O_{2}$
$C a C O_{3} \cdot M g C O_{3} Δ - \to C a O + M g O + 2 C O_{2}$
Ore is heated in regular air supply below the melting temperature for metal.
$2 Z n S + 3 O_{2} \to 2 Z n O + 2 S O_{2}$
$2 C u - 2 S + 3 O_{2} \to 2 C u_{2} O + 2 S O_{2}$
$2 P b S + 3 O_{2} \to 2 P b O + 2 S O_{2}$
It is used for carbonates and oxide ores.
It is used for sulphide ores.
Moisture and organic impurities are removed.
Volatile impurites are removed as oxides such as $S O_{2}, P_{2} O_{5}, A s_{2} O_{4}$ .

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Calcination	Roasting
Ore is heated in absence of air. $F e_{2} O_{3} \cdot x H_{2} O Δ - \to F e_{2} O_{3} + x H_{2} O$ $Z n C O_{3} Δ - \to Z n O + C O_{2}$ $C a C O_{3} \cdot M g C O_{3} Δ - \to C a O + M g O + 2 C O_{2}$	Ore is heated in regular air supply below the melting temperature for metal. $2 Z n S + 3 O_{2} \to 2 Z n O + 2 S O_{2}$ $2 C u - 2 S + 3 O_{2} \to 2 C u_{2} O + 2 S O_{2}$ $2 P b S + 3 O_{2} \to 2 P b O + 2 S O_{2}$
It is used for carbonates and oxide ores.	It is used for sulphide ores.
Moisture and organic impurities are removed.	Volatile impurites are removed as oxides such as $S O_{2}, P_{2} O_{5}, A s_{2} O_{4}$ .