Explain inertia and momentum in detail.
Inertia:
In the diagram above, when the cardboard is pulled, the coin falls into the glass. This is because the inertia of the coin maintains its state of rest and it falls into the glass due to gravity.
Momentum:
4. Consider this example of a balloon, the particles of gas move rapidly colliding with each other and the walls of the balloon, even though the particles themselves move faster and slower when they lose or gain momentum when they collide, the total momentum of the system remains the same.
Hence, the balloon doesn’t change in size, if we add external energy by heating it, the balloon should expand because it increases the velocity of the particles and this increases their momentum, in turn, increasing the force exerted by them on the walls of the balloon.