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Question

Explain, why an organic liquid vaporises at a temperature below its boiling point in its steam distillation ?

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Solution

During steam distillation, the organic liquid starts to boil when the sum of vapour pressure due to the organic liquid (p1) and the vapour pressure due to water (p2) is equal to atmospheric pressure (p).
p=p1+p2
As p1<p2, the liquid vapourises at temperature lower than its boiling point.

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