Generally transition elements and their salts are colored due to the presence of unpaired electrons in metal ions. Which of the following compounds are colored?

K M n O_{4}

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C e (S O_{4})_{2}

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T i C l_{4}

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C u_{2} C l_{2}

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Solution

The correct option is B $C e (S O_{4})_{2}$
It is common knowledge that $K M n O_{4}$ is coloured (violet-purple). This is despite the fact that the central metal atom doesn't have any $d$ electrons! The colour arises from a charge transfer reaction within the molecule, in which photons promote an electron from the highest energy molecular orbital in one of the $M n - O$ bonds to an empty $d - o r b i t a l$ on $M n$ . This promotion corresponds to the energy of a yellow photon, which means that we observe the complimentary - purple!

similarly, $C e (S O_{4})_{2}$ is also coloured due to charge-transfer spectra. $T i C l_{4}$ and $C u_{2} C l_{2}$ are not coloured.

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