Question

How do prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in protein synthesis?

Answer 1

Prokaryotes can translate mRNA into proteins while the DNA is being transcribed. Eukaryotes must end transcription of given segment, send it out of nucelus and only then translate it.
Prokaryotic protein synthesis can be fairly fast because one gene can be transcribed and translated simultaneously. Eukaryotic synthesis is slower, but more precious. They can "check" the mRNA before it is translated into protein.