How would you distinguish between baking powder and washing soda by heating?

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Solution

The chemical formula of baking powder is sodium hydrogencarbonate $(N a H {C O}_{3})$ ; whereas, that of washing soda is sodium carbonate $({N a}_{2} {C O}_{3} .10 H_{2} O)$
Sodium hydrogen carbonate on heating gives ${C O}_{2}$ gas which will turn lime water milky whereas no such gas is obtained from sodium carbonate.
$2 N a H {C O}_{3} H e a t - -- \to {N a}_{2} {C O}_{3} + H_{2} O + {C O}_{2}$
${N a}_{2} {C O}_{3} .10 H_{2} O H e a t - -- \to {N a}_{2} {C O}_{3} + 10 H_{2} O$

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