The correct option is A Subject: Edison; Predicate: invented the phonograph
The subject is who or what the sentence is about, and the predicate tells something about the subject. Here the sentence is about Edison, and the sentence says that Edison invented the photograph. Therefore, Option B is correct. In rest of the options, either the information is taken as the subject(Options D, A), a part of the information is included along with the object of focus in the subject(Option C ).