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Question

If BCl bond has a dipole moment, explain why BCl3 molecule has zero dipole moment.

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Solution

B-Cl bond is polar due to electronegativity difference between B and Cl.
In BCl3, the central B atom undergoes sp2 hybridization which results in plane triangular geometry. The molecule has symmetry and the individual bond dipoles cancel each other. Hence, the molecule has zero dipole moment.
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