In which mode of expression, the concentration of a solution remains independent of temperature?
(IIT-JEE, 1988)

Molarity

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Normality

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Formality

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Molality

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Solution

The correct option is D Molality
Molarity, normality, and formality are calculated against the volume of the solution. The volume of the solution changes with change in temperature; therefore, these quantities do not remain constant with temperature.

Molarity (m) $= \frac{M o l e s o f s o l u t e}{M a s s o f s o l v e n t i n k g}$

The molality of a solution remains independent of temperature because it involves only mass, which is independent of temperature.

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