List various types of isomerism possible for coordination compounds, giving an example of each.

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Solution

Isomerism in coordination compounds is mainly of two types:
$\begin{matrix} 1. S t r u c t u r a l i s o m e r i s m & 2. S t e r e o i s o m e r i s m (a) L i n k a g e i s o m e r i s m & (a) G e o m e t r i c a l i s o m e r i s m (b) C o o r d i n a t i o n i s o m e r i s m & (b) O p t i c a l i s o m e r i s m (c) I o n i z a t i o n i s o m e r i s m (d) S o l v a t e i s o m e r i s m \end{matrix}$
Examples:
1. (a) Linkage isomerism:
(i) $[C o {(N H_{3})}_{5} N O_{2}] C l_{2} a n d [C o {(N H_{3})}_{5} O N O] C l_{2}$
(ii) $[M n {(C O)}_{5} S C N] a n d [M n {(C O)}_{5} N C S]$
(b) Coordination isomerism:
(I) $[C o {(N H_{3})}_{6}] [C r {(C N)}_{6}] a n d [C r {(N H_{3})}_{6}] [C o {(C N)}_{6}]$
(c) Ionization isomerism:
(i) $[C o {(N H_{3})}_{5} S O_{4}] B r a n d [C o {(N H_{3})}_{5} B r] S O_{4}$
(d) Solvate isomerism:
(i) $[C r {(H_{2} O)}_{6}] C l_{3} (v i o l e t) a n d [C r {(H_{2} O)}_{5} C l] C l_{2} H_{2} O (g r e y - g r e e n)$

2.(a) Geometrical isomerism:
(i) Cis - and trans-isomers of $[C o C l_{2} {(e n)}_{2}]$

(b) Optical isomerism
(i) dextro- and laevo-rotatory forms of ${[C o {(e n)}_{3}]}_{3}^{3 +}$

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