Question

Match the terms given in Column I with their physiological processes given in Column II and choose the correct answer

Column I	Column II
A. Proximal convoluted tubule	i. Formation of concentrated urine
B. Distal convoluted tubule	ii. Filtration of blood
C. Henle's loop	iii. Reabsorption of 70-80$\%$ of electrolytes
D. Counter-current mechanism	iv. Ionic balance
E. Renal corpuscle	v. Maintenance of concentration gradient in medulla

• A. A-iii, B-iv, C-v, D-ii, E-i
  
• B. A-iii, B-i, C-iv, D-v, E-ii
• C. A-iii, B-iv, C-i, D-v, E-ii
  
• D. A-i, B-iii, C-ii, D-v, E-iv
  

Answer 1

The correct option is C A-iii, B-iv, C-i, D-v, E-ii


Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT): Around 70$\%$ - 80$\%$ of electrolytes from the glomerular filtrate, nearly all of the nutrients and water are reabsorbed by PCT. It also helps in the maintenance of the pH and ionic balance of the body fluids.

Distal convoluted tubule

The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) regulates pH by absorbing bicarbonate and secreting protons (H${}^{+}$ ) and ammonia and maintains ionic balance by secreting K${}^{+}$ and absorbing Na${}^{+}$.

Henle's loop

• Henle's loop plays a significant role in the maintenance of the high osmolarity of medullary interstitial fluid.
• The descending limb is permeable to water but impermeable to electrolytes
• The ascending limb is impermeable to water but permeable to electrolytes

Counter-current mechanism

Counter-current mechanism helps to preserve the concentration gradient, which in effect helps to promote the flow of water from the collection of tubules and the concentration of urine. The gradient is the result of NaCl and urea movements.

Renal corpuscle

• Glomerulus along with bowman's capsule is called renal corpuscle or malpighian body.
• Blood enters the glomerulus through afferent arteriole where it gets filtered at renal corpuscle and unfiltered exit from efferent arteriole

Final answer
Option (b) A-iii, B-iv, C-i, D-v, E-ii