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Cells and Tissues of Eye

Name the foll...

Question

Name the following:
(a) The photosensitive pigment present in the rods of the retina.
(b) The part which equalises the air pressure in the middle and external ear.
(c) The ear ossicle attached to the tympanum.
(d) The outermost covering layer of the brain.
(e) The tube which connects the cavity of the middle ear with the throat.
(f) The part of the eye responsible for its shape.
(g) The nerves which transmit impulse from ear to the brain.
(h) The photoreceptors found in the retina of the eye.
(i) The eye defect caused doe to shortening of the eye ball from front to back.

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Solution

(a) The photosensitive pigment present in the rods of the retina - Rhodopsin
(b) The part which equalises the air pressure in the middle and external ear - Eustachian tube
(c) The ear ossicle attached to the tympanum - Malleus (Hammer)
(d) The outermost covering layer of the brain - Dura matter
(e) The tube which connects the cavity of the middle ear with the throat - Eustachian tube
(f) The part of the eye responsible for its shape - Cornea
(g) The nerves which transmit the impulse from ear to the brain - Auditory nerves
(h) The photoreceptors found in the retina of the eye - Rods, and cones
(i) The eye defect caused due to shortening of the eyeball from front to back - Hypermetropia

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(c) Name the part of the ear associated with (1) static balance (2) heating (3) dynamic balance.
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When a sound wave enters the ear, it sets the eardrum into oscillation, which in turn causes oscillation of 3 tiny bones in the middle ear called ossicles. This oscillation is finally transmitted to the fluid filled in inner portion of the ear termed as inner ear, the motion of the fluid disturbs hair calls within the inner ear which transmit nerve impulses to the brain with information that a sound is present. The three bones present in the middle ear are named as hammer, anvil and stirrup. Out of these the stirrup is the smallest one and this only connects the middle ear to inner ear as shown in the figure below. The area of stirrup and its extent of connection with the inner ear limits the sensitivity of the human ear. Consider a person's eat whose moving part of the eardrum has an area of about 43 mm

^{2}

and the area of stirrup is about 3.2 mm

^{2}

. The mass of ossicles is negligible. As a result, force exerted by sound wave in air on eardrum and ossicles is same as the force exerted by ossicles on the inner ear. Consider a sound wave having maximum pressure fluctuation of

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