Name the following:
(i) Two metals which are found in the free or native state.
(ii) The mixture of materials fed into a furnace to extract a metal.
(iii) The rocky impurities present in an ore.
(iv) The substance added to get rid of gangue in the extraction of metal.
(v) The process of heating a substance very strongly in such a way that it does not combine with oxygen.
(vi) The process in which an ore is heated in air so that oxygen gets added to it to form the oxides.
(vii) Ore of iron referred to as "fool's gold".
(viii) The most abundant metal in the crust of the earth.
(ix) The chief ore of aluminium.
(x) The substance added along with alumina in the Hall-Heroult's process.
(xi) The materials used as electrodes in the electrolytic extraction of aluminium.
(xii) The kind of welding in which aluminium powder is used.
(xiii) The chief metal present in magnalium and duralumin.
(xiv) Two metals which occur in nature in free state as well as in combined state.
(xv) Name two metals which are always found in combined state.

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Solution

(i) Two metals that are found in the free or native state are platinum and gold.
(ii) The mixture of materials that is fed into a furnace to extract a metal is called charge.
(iii) The rocky impurities present in an ore are known as gangue.
(iv) The substance added in order to get rid of gangue in the extraction of a metal is known as flux.
(v) The process of heating a substance very strongly in such a way that it does not combine with oxygen is called calcination.
(vi) The process in which an ore is heated in air so that oxygen gets added to it to form oxides is called roasting.
(vii) An ore of iron, which is referred to as "fool's gold", is iron pyrite (FeS_2⁾.
(viii) The most abundant metal in the earth's crust is aluminium.
(ix) The chief ore of aluminium is bauxite (Al₂O₃.xH₂O).
(x) The substances that are added along with alumina in the Hall-Heroult's process are cryolite (Na₃AlF₆_⁾ and feldspar (CaF₂).
(xi) The materials that are used as electrodes in the electrolytic extraction of aluminium are gas carbon lining, which is taken as the cathode, and carbon rods, which are taken as the anode.
(xii) The kind of welding in which aluminium powder is used is thermite welding.
(xiii) The chief metal present in magnalium and duralumin is aluminium.
(xiv) Two metals that occur in nature in both the free as well as the combined states are copper and silver.
(xv) Metals that are always found in a combined state are aluminium, iron, calcium, zinc, magnesium, sodium, potassium etc.

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