Q. (a) Write a suitable chemical equation to complete each of the following transformations :
(i) Butan-1-ol to butanoic acid
(ii) 4-Methylacetophenone to benzene-1, 4-dicarboxylic acid
(iii) An organic compound with molecular formula $C_9{H}_{10}O$ forms 2, 4-DNP derivative, reduces Tollen's reagent and undergoes Cannizzaro's reaction. On vigorous oxidation it gives 1, 2-benzene-dicarboxylic acid. Identify the compound.

Q. How would you account for the following:
(i) Among lanthanoids, Ln (III) compounds are predominant. However, occasionally in solution or in
solid compounds, +2 and +4 ions are also obtained.
(ii) The $E_{M^{2+}/M}^o$ for copper is positive (0.34 V). Copper is the only metal in the first series of transition elements showing this behavior.
(iii) The metallic radii of the third (5d) series of transition metal are nearly the same as those of the corresponding members of the second series.

Q. Explain the following behaviours.
(i) Alcohols are more soluble in water than the hydrocarbons of comparable molecular masses.
(ii) Ortho-nitrophenol is more acidic than ortho-methoxyphenol.

Q. Explain the following giving a suitable example for each.

Q. What are food preservatives? Name two such substances.

Q. Which is a stronger reducing agent, $Sb{H}_3$ or $Bi{H}_3$, and why?

Q. The electrical resistance of a column of 0.05 M NaOH solution of diameter 1 cm and length 50 cm is $5.55\times {10}^3$ ohm. Calculate its resistivity, conductivity and molar conductivity.

Q. Explain the following facts giving appropriate reason in each case.
(i) $N{F}_3$ is an exothermic compound whereas $NC{I}_3$ is not.
(ii) All the bond in $S{F}_4$ are not equivalent.

Q. Differentiate between disinfectants and antiseptics.

Q. The reaction $N_2\left(g\right)+O_2\left(g\right)\rightleftharpoons 2NO\left(g\right)$ contributes to air pollution whenever a fuel is burnt in air at a high temperature. At 1500K, equilibrium constant K for it is $1.0\times {10}^{-5}$. Suppose in a case $\left[N_2\right]=0.80mol{L}^{-1}$ and $\left[O_2\right]=0.20mol{L}^{-1}$ before any reaction occurs. Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of the product after the mixture has heated to 1500K.

Q. Define peptization.

Q. Copper crystallizes with face centred cubic unit cell. If the radius of copper atom is $127.8$ pm, calculate the density of copper metal?
(Atomic mass of Cu = $63.55$u and Avogadro's number $N_A=6.02\times {10}^{23}mo{l}^{-1}$).

Q. A reaction is of second order with respect to a reactant. How is its rate affected if the concentration of the reactant is (i) doubled (ii) reduced to half?

Q. Which stoichiometrie defect increases the density of a solid?

Q. What is meant by 'shape selective catalysis'?

Q. Complete the following reaction equation:
(i) $C_6{H}_5{N}_{2}Cl+H_{3}P{O}_2+H_{2}O\to$
(ii) $C_6{H}_{5}N{H}_2+B{r}_2(aq.)\to$

Q. (a) Define the following terms:
(i) Mole fraction
(ii) Ideal solution
(b) 15.0 g of an unknown molecular material was dissolved in 450 g of water. The resulting solution was found to freeze at $-{0.34}^{o}C$. What is the molar mass of this material? ($K_f$ for water = 1.86 K kg mol${}^{-1}$)

Q. (a) Draw the molecular structures of the following compounds:
(i) $N_2{O}_5$
(ii) $X_{e}O{F}_4$
(b) Explain the following observations
(i) Sulphur has a greater tendency for catenation than oxygen.
(ii) $I-Cl$ is more reactive than $I_2$.
(iii) Despite lower value of its electron gain enthalpy with negative sign, fluorine $\left(F_2\right)$ is a stronger oxidizing agent than $C{l}_2$.

Q. How may the conductivity of an intrinsic semiconductor be increased?

Q. Name the following coordination entities and draw the structures of their steroisomers:
(i) $\left[Co\right(en{)}_{2}C{l}_2{]}^{+}(en=ethane-1,2-diamine)$
(ii) $\left[Cr\right(C_2{O}_4{)}_3{]}^{3-}$
(iii) $\left[Co\right(N{H}_3{)}_{3}C{l}_3]$
(Atomic number $Cr=24,Co=27$)

Q. Express the relation among cell constant, resistance of the solution in the cell and conductivity of the solution. How is molar conductivity of a solution related to its conductivity?

Q. Describe the following giving the relevant chemical equation in each ease.
(i) Carbylamine reaction
(ii) Hofmann's bronmmide reaction

Q. Answer the following questions :
(i) What is meant by the chirality of compound? Give an example.

Q. How is copper extracted from a low grade ore of it?

Q. Explain the mechanism of acid catalysed hydration of an alkene to form corresponding alcohol.

Q. Differentiate between thermoplastic and thermosetting polymer. Give one example of each.

Q. Which methods are usually employed for purifying the following metals (i) Nickel (ii) Germanium?
Mention the principle behind each one of them.

Q. Write the structure of the product obtained when glucose is oxidised with nitric acid.

Q. Write the IUPAC name of the following : $C{H}_3-C{H}_2-CH=CH-\stackrel{\underset{\parallel }{O}}{C}-H$

Q. What is essentially the difference between $\alpha$ - glucose and $\beta$ - glucose? What is meant by pyranose structure of glucose?