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Question
Read the following statements (A - D) related to El Nino effect and select the correct option stating true (T) or false (F).
A. El Nino effect normally happens every 2 - 7 years.
B. It brings droughts to the eastern Pacific regions.
C. Coral bleaching cannot be caused by El Nino effect.
D. It describes the unusual warming of surface waters in the eastern Pacific Ocean.
Read the following statements (A - D) related to El Nino effect and select the correct option stating true (T) or false (F).
A. El Nino effect normally happens every 2 - 7 years.
B. It brings droughts to the eastern Pacific regions.
C. Coral bleaching cannot be caused by El Nino effect.
D. It describes the unusual warming of surface waters in the eastern Pacific Ocean.
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Solution
The correct option is C A - T, B - F, C - F, D - T
Global warming leads to deleterious changes in the environment resulting in odd climatic changes such as El Nino effect.
The El Nino effect is an odd climatic change that causes unusual warming of surface waters in the eastern Pacific Ocean.
It has an impact on the temperatures, the speed and strength of ocean currents, the coastal fisheries, and local weather.
El Nino events occur irregularly at an interval of 2 - 7 years.
Hence statement A and D are true.
Normally, ocean winds are such that warm surface water is pushed towards the western Pacific, where it borders Asia and Australia.
Convection above warmer surface waters brings increased precipitation and this contributes to increased rainfall around the western Pacific regions.
Figure : Movement of ocean winds
However, during an El Nino event, warm surface water moves eastward along the Equator, from the western Pacific to eastern Pacific regions. As a result, rainfall increases drastically in the eastern Pacific regions. It leads to destruction of homes in the coastal region, crops and also limits transportation.
Hence statement B is false.
El Nino brings droughts to the western Pacific regions which threaten the region’s water supplies, as reservoirs dry and rivers carry less water. Agriculture, which depends on water for irrigation, is also threatened.
El Nino affects the global climate and disrupts normal weather patterns, which as a result can lead to intense storms in some places and droughts in others.
Figure: Movement of ocean winds
The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system located off the coast of Australia. It is composed of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for over 2,300 kilometres. But due to the warm currents of El Nino, the corals are expelling the algae living in their tissues causing the coral to turn completely white. This phenomenon is called coral bleaching.
Figure: Coral bleaching
Hence statement C is false.
Global warming leads to deleterious changes in the environment resulting in odd climatic changes such as El Nino effect.
The El Nino effect is an odd climatic change that causes unusual warming of surface waters in the eastern Pacific Ocean.
It has an impact on the temperatures, the speed and strength of ocean currents, the coastal fisheries, and local weather.
El Nino events occur irregularly at an interval of 2 - 7 years.
Hence statement A and D are true.
Normally, ocean winds are such that warm surface water is pushed towards the western Pacific, where it borders Asia and Australia.
Convection above warmer surface waters brings increased precipitation and this contributes to increased rainfall around the western Pacific regions.
Figure : Movement of ocean windsHowever, during an El Nino event, warm surface water moves eastward along the Equator, from the western Pacific to eastern Pacific regions. As a result, rainfall increases drastically in the eastern Pacific regions. It leads to destruction of homes in the coastal region, crops and also limits transportation.
Hence statement B is false.
El Nino brings droughts to the western Pacific regions which threaten the region’s water supplies, as reservoirs dry and rivers carry less water. Agriculture, which depends on water for irrigation, is also threatened.
El Nino affects the global climate and disrupts normal weather patterns, which as a result can lead to intense storms in some places and droughts in others.
Figure: Movement of ocean windsThe Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system located off the coast of Australia. It is composed of over 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for over 2,300 kilometres. But due to the warm currents of El Nino, the corals are expelling the algae living in their tissues causing the coral to turn completely white. This phenomenon is called coral bleaching.
Figure: Coral bleaching Hence statement C is false.
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