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Question

The basic structural unit of silicates is:

A
SiO
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B
SiO44
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C
SiO23
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D
SiO24
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Solution

The correct option is A SiO44
The basic unit of silicates is SiO44 as each silicon atom is bonded with 4 oxide ions tetrahedrally.
The different types of silicates are:
1) Orthosilicates- Contains one unit of SiO44 eg [Zn2SiO4]
2) Pyrosilicates - Contains two unit of SiO44 along an oxygen atom eg-Si2O67
3) Cyclic or ring: The general formula is SiO23 eg-Si3O69 Beryl - Be3Al2Si6O18
4) Chain silicates- These are formed by sharing 20 oxygen atoms by each tetrahedral. The general formula is :
a)(SiO3)2nn
b)(Si4O11)6nn
5) Two-dimensional sheet silicates: In this 3 oxygen atoms of each tetrahedral are shared with two adjacent SO44 tetrahedral. The general formula is (Si2O5)2nn
6) Three-dimensional sheet silicates: In these all four oxygen atoms are shared with adjacent SiO44 tetrahedral.

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