The correct option is C Present a hypothesis about the driving force behind population cycles in lepidoptera.
Option C is the correct answer as speculating about the driving force behind the population cycles in Lepidoptera is what the entire passage concentrates on. "...such fluctuations in population are known as population cycles. Although many different variables influence population levels, a regular pattern such as a population cycle seems to imply a dominant, driving force. Identification of that driving force, however, has proved surprisingly elusive despite considerable research.." - this sentence further supports option C as the one that befits the context.