Thirdly, I worry about the private automobile. It is a dirty, noisy, wasteful, and lonely means of travel. It pollutes the air, ruins the safety and sociability of the street, and exercises upon the individual a discipline which takes away far more freedom than it gives him. It causes an enormous amount of land to be unnecessarily abstracted from nature and from plant life and to become devoid of any natural function. It explodes cities, grievously impairs the whole institution of neighbourliness, fragmentizes and destroys communities. It has already spelled the end of our cities as real cultural and social communities, and has made impossible the construction of any others in their place. Together with the airplane, it has crowded out other, more civilized and more convenient means of transport, leaving older people, infirm people, poor people and children in a worse situation than they were a hundred years ago. It continues to lend a terrible element of fragility to our civilization, placing us in a situation where our life would break down completely if anything ever interfered with the oil supply.
Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?

A problem is presented and then a possible solution is discussed.

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The benefits and demerits of the automobile are compared and constrasted.

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A topic is presented and a number of its effects are discussed.

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A set of examples is furnished to support a conclusion.

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Solution

The correct option is C A topic is presented and a number of its effects are discussed.
Option (C) is the correct answer. Check the video for the approach.

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The following six sentences come from a paragraph. The first and the last sentences are given. Choose the order in which the four sentences (PQRS) should appear to complete the paragraph.

S1 : Some people prefer country life to city life.
S6 : For these reasons more and more people are leaving the country to live in the city.
P : Life in the country is quieter, cleaner and less hectic.
Q : The city also offers more privacy since neighbours are too busy to be interfering in the affairs of others.
R : However, the city offers more excitement, a wide variety of activities and a chance to meet more people.
S : Country people live longer and generally seem to be healthier and happier.

Select the correct sequence.

Read the following passage and answer the (four) items that follow:

A few weeks ago, a newspaper article quoted a well-known scientist saying, "IT has destroyed Indian science?' One can speculate about the various ways in which the growth of the IT sector and other similar knowledge industries such as biotechnology has lead to a decline in basic scientific research in India.

The most obvious reason is money; pay scales in IT and BT are much higher than one can aspire to in academia. The argument goes: why should a bright B.Tech. or M.Sc. student enroll in a PhD program when he/she can make a lot more money writing code? Not only does a fresh IT employee make a lot more than a fresh M.Tech student, his/her pay will rise much faster in IT than in academia. A professor's pay at a government-run university, even after the sixth pay commission, tops out at far less than a senior executive's salary in a major industry.

Second, the social status of IT and BT jobs equal or even exceed the social status of corresponding academic positions, since they are seen as knowledge industries, which plays to the best and worst instincts of the societal order. As quintessential white collar profession, neither do they compel a successful entrepreneur to resort to violence and corruption, nor do they demand any physical labor. Unlike real-estate or road construction, it is felt that IT, workers can become rich while staying honest and sweat free. Assuming that the labor pool for academia and IT is roughly the same, difference in our collective preferences biases the labor market toward IT and away from academia. Further, when the imbalance between IT and academia continues for years and even decades, a destructive loop, from academia's point of view, is created. When our best and brightest take IT jobs over academic ones for a decade or more, faculty positions in our universities and research centers are no longer filled by the best candidates. As faculty quality goes down, so does the capacity to train top-class graduate students who, after all, are teachers in training. In response to decreasing faculty quality, even those students who are foreign trained graduates prefer to come back to corporate India, if at all they do come back, and the downward cycle replicates itself in each generation. In other words, academia is trapped within a perfect storm created by a combination of social and economic factors.

In this socio-economic calculus, the members of our societal classes should prefer an IT job to an academic one. Or, to put it another way, the knowledge economy, i.e., the creation of knowledge for profit, trumps the knowledge society, i.e., the creation of knowledge of its own sake or the sake of the greater good. As is said, "knowledge is power, but money is even more power?' Perhaps the scientist was alluding to this victory of capitalism over the pursuit of pure knowledge when he accused IT of having a negative influence of Indian science.

Surely, knowledge has become a commodity like any other and as a result, knowledge workers are like any other laborers, who will sell their' wares to the highest bidder. One solution is to accept and even encourage the commoditization of knowledge; if so, Indian universities and research centers should copy their western counterparts by becoming more and more like corporations. These centers of learning should convert themselves into engines of growth. In this logic, if we increase academic salaries and research grants to match IT pay cheques we will attract good people into academia, where, in any case, it is rumored that a certain elusive feeling called "the quality of life" is better.

Q5. What is the reason for the article to state that IT has destroyed Indian science?

Q. In each question below is given a statement followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to assume everything in the statement to be true, then consider the two conclusions together and decide which of them logically follows beyond a reasonable doubt from the information given in the statement.
Statements: My first and foremost task is to beautify this city - if city X and Y can do it - why can't we do it. - Statement of Municipal Commissioner of city Z after taking over charge.
Conclusions:
I. The people of city Z are not aware about the present state of ugliness of their city
II. The present Commissioner has worked in city X and Y and has good experience of beautifying cities

The idea of stuff expresses no more than the experience of coming to a limit at which our senses or our instruments are not fine enough to make out the pattern. Something of the same kind happens when the scientist investigates any unit or pattern so distinct to the naked eye that it has been considered a separate entity. He finds that the more carefully he observes and describes it, the more he is also describing the environment in which it moves and other patterns to which it seems inseparably related. As Teilhard de Chardin has so well expressed it, the isolation of individual, atomic patterns “is merely an intellectual dodge.”

Although the ancient cultures of Asia never attained the rigorously exact physical knowledge of the modern West, they grasped in principle many things which are only now occurring to us. Hinduism and Buddhism are impossible to classify as religions, philosophies, sciences, or even mythologies, or again as amalgamations of all four, because departmentalization is foreign to them even in so basic a form as the separation of the spiritual and the material.... Buddhism ... is not a culture but a critique of culture, an enduring non-violent revolution, or “loyal opposition,” to the culture with which it is involved. This gives these ways of liberation something in common with psychotherapy beyond the interest in changing states of consciousness. For the task of the psychotherapist is to bring about a reconciliation between individual feeling and social norms without, however, sacrificing the integrity of the individual. He tries to help the individual to be himself and to go it alone in the world (of social convention) but not of the world.

What does the passage suggest about the theme of the book from which it is excerpted?

"A”: Our state is considering raising the age at which a person can get a driver's license to eighteen.

This is unfair because the age has been sixteen for many years and sixteen-year-olds today are no less responsible than their parents and grandparents were at sixteen.Many young people today who are fourteen and fifteen years old are preparing to receive their licenses by driving with a learner's permit and a licensed driver, usually one of their parents. It would not be fair to suddenly say they have to wait two more years.

"B”: It is true that people have been allowed to receive a driver's license at sixteen for generations.

However, in recent years, the increase in traffic means drivers face more dangers than ever and must be ready to respond to a variety of situations. The fact that schools can no longer afford to teach drivers' education results in too many young drivers who are not prepared to face the traffic conditions of today.

What is the point at issue between "A” and "B”?

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The correct option is C A topic is presented and a number of its effects are discussed.Option (C) is the correct answer. Check the video for the approach.

The correct option is C A topic is presented and a number of its effects are discussed.
Option (C) is the correct answer. Check the video for the approach.