What do you mean by saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons? State their examples.

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Solution

Saturated hydrocarbons contain all $C - C$ single bonds whereas unsaturated hydrocarbons contain $C = C$ double bond (alkenes) and $C \equiv C$ triple bonds (alkynes).
Alkanes such as ethane ( $C H_{3} - C H_{3}$ ) butane ( $C H_{3} - C H_{2} - C H_{2} - C H_{3}$ ) are saturated hydrocarbons whereas,
alkenes such as ethylene ( $C H_{2} = C H_{2}$ ) and alkynes such as acetylene $H - C \equiv C - H$ are unsaturated hydrocarbons.

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