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Question

What happens when
(a) NH3 solution is added to CuSO4 solution drop by drop and then in excess.
(b) Caustic soda solution is added to Cu(NO3)2 solution and product boiled.
(c) Common salt solution added to silver nitrate solution and NH3 solution added to it.
(d) Lead nitrate solution treated with calcium chloride solution and products are heated and cooled.

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Solution

(a) When ammonia solution is added to CuSO4 drop by drop, a blue precipitate of copper hydroxide is formed. Then, when excess ammonia solution is added, the precipitate dissolves and a deep inky-blue liquid of tetramine copper (II) is formed.
NH3 + H2ONH4OH
CuSO4+2NH4OH CuOH2 + NH42SO4 Blue precipitateCuOH2 + NH42SO4 + 2NH4OH CuNH34SO4 + 4H2O Deep blue solution

(b) When caustic soda solution is added to copper nitrate, they react to form sodium nitrate and copper hydroxide, which is a light blue precipitate.
CuNO32 + 2NaOH CuOH2 + 2NaNO3 Blue precipitate

(c) When common salt is added to silver nitrate solution, a white precipitate of silver chloride is formed. Upon addition of NH3 solution, the precipitate dissolves leaving behind a clear solution.
AgNO3+NaCl AgCl + NaNO3 White precipitateAgCl + 4NH4OH AgNH34Cl + 4H2O Clear solution

(d) When lead nitrate solution is treated with calcium chloride, they react to form lead chloride and calcium nitrate. Lead chloride emerges from the solution as a white coloured precipitate.
PbNO32 + CaCl2 PbCl2 + CaNO32 White precipitate

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