What is immunity? Differentiate between active immunity and passive immunity. Draw the diagram of the structure of an antibody molecule.

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Solution

Immunity is the state which provides the ability to protect the body against any infection. This is the physiological state in which the body is healthy enough to fight against any disease condition.

Active immunity Passive immunity
It is produced due to contact with pathogen or antigen. It is produced due to antibodies obtained directly.
It lasts for a long time. It lasts for few days.
Antibodies are produced by the body against the antigen. Antibodies are obtained from another source.
Immunity is not immediate. There is a time lapse for the development. Immunity develops immediately.
There are no or little side effects. The introduction of antisera can cause serum sickness.
The person is exposed to the agent. The person is not exposed to the agent but is given the antibodies.

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Active immunity	Passive immunity
It is produced due to contact with pathogen or antigen.	It is produced due to antibodies obtained directly.
It lasts for a long time.	It lasts for few days.
Antibodies are produced by the body against the antigen.	Antibodies are obtained from another source.
Immunity is not immediate. There is a time lapse for the development.	Immunity develops immediately.
There are no or little side effects.	The introduction of antisera can cause serum sickness.
The person is exposed to the agent.	The person is not exposed to the agent but is given the antibodies.