Question

What is the difference between law of independent assortment and the law of segregation?

Answer 1

Mendel's Law of Segregation: The two alleles in a pair segregate (separate from each other) into different gametes during gamete formation.

This means that during meiosis, homologous chromosomes are separated.
Law of Independent Assortment: Each pair of alleles segregates independently of other pairs during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characters are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes or when they are far enough apart on the same chromosome to behave as though they are on different chromosomes.

This means that the separation of each homologous pair is an independent event. The separation of one homologous pair does not affect how another pair will separate. Of course, crossing over must be taken into account.